Rajeev Sharma B.Optom Optometry Ghaziabad,
Uttar Pradesh,
India
Abhilekh Aneja D.O.T, Fellowship in Optometry Optometry
(Contact lens) delhi,
delhi,
india
Abhishek Kalbarga Master In Optometry Optometry Secunderabad,
Andhra Pradesh,
India
Abrez H BSOptom, MPhilOptom, PhD Student (Vision Science) Optometry
(Uveitis, Retinal Degeneration) Melbourne,
Victoria,
Australia
Aditya Goyal B.Opt Optometry Chennai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Ajit Mishra BSc Optometry Optometry New Delhi,
New Delhi,
India
Aloe Gupta M.Optom Optometry
(Orthoptics) Ahmedabad,
Gujarat,
India
Aloe Gupta M.optom,B.optom Optometry
(Optometry) pune,
west bengal,
india
alok a. bhandari D. O. R. Optometry visnagar,
gujarat,
india
Ameen A Rahman BSc Optometry M.Optom Optometry DELHI,
NEW DELHI,
INDIA
Ameen A Rahman Bsc optometry Optometry NEW DELHI,
NEW DELHI,
INDIA
ameen rahman MSC OPTOMETRY Optometry NEW DELHI,
DELHI,
INDIA
amir khan bachelor in optometry Optometry kolkata,
west bengal,
india
Amit Bhowmick B.optm,F.C.L.I. Optometry Chennai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Amit Chaturvedi D. Opt. C.C.L.P. Optometry
(Contact Lens) Amritsar,
Panjab,
INDIA
amit dhawan B.Optom Optometry New Delhi,
New Delhi,
India
Amit Gupta D.O.T.,B.Optometry Optometry
(Fellowship in Optometry,LAP,IACLE) Delhi,
India
Amit J. Shinde M.Optom Optometry Pune,
Maharashtra,
India
amit srivastava OPTOMETRIST Optometry amritsar,
punjab,
india
Amita Aynor B.Optom Optometry
(contnct lenses and low vision aids) mapusa,
goa,
India
Amitabha Sankar Bhakta Bachelor of Optometry Optometry CHENNAI,
TAMIL NADU,
INDIA
Amitava Debnath B.Optm Optometry Kolkata,
West Bengal,
India
Amlan Biswas B.Optom Optometry Kolkata,
West Bengal,
Indian
Anand Murti B.Optom Optometry
(M.Optom) New Delhi,
India
Anil k. Chandrawanshi B.Sc., D.O.R.(Hon's) Optometry Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh,
India
anil tyagi B.Optom,D.Optom Optometry
(Greatic and Pediate optometry) delhi,
delhi,
india
Anirban Paik B. Optm Optometry New Delhi,
India
Anjul Kumar B.Sc. D. Opt. Optometry Hyderabad,
A.P.,
India
Ankur Das B.Optom Optometry
(I.C.L.E.P [L.V.P.E.I]) Kolkata,
West Bengal,
India
Ankur Jain Dip in optometry Optometry
(Dr.optometrist (G G C L F)) Agra,
U.P,
India
Anupam Deka B S Optom Optometry
(Pediatric Optometry) Guwahati,
Assam,
India
Anuradha B.S.Optom Optometry Chennai,
India
Anurag Vaish BSc.(H) Ophth Tech, AIIMS Optometry Delhi,
Delhi,
India
Apoorv Paranjpe D. Optom. B. Optom (student) Optometry Pune,
Maharashtra,
India
Archana babu B.S Optometry Optometry Chennai,
tamil Nadu,
India
Arijit Chakraborty B.Optom(Univ Gold Medallist), M.Phil Optom student Optometry
(Pediatric Optometry & Orthoptics) Chennai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Arijit Chakraborty B.Optom (undergoing internship) Optometry New Delhi,
India
Arindam Ganguly B.Sc(Chemistry), Diploma in Optometry(SMF,WB) Optometry
(Trained In LOW VISION SERVICES) Kolkata,
West Bengal,
India
Arindam Mukherjee B.OPTOM Optometry
(ICLEP(LVPEI),MOAI) Barrackpore,
North 24 Parganas,
India
Arul T.P. Dip in Optometry, BSc Optometry Optometry
(CCLP) Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Aruna D. Opt ; BSC Optometrics Optometry
(CONTACT LENS) Chennai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Arundhoti Paul B.Optom (intern) Optometry Guwahati,
Assam,
India
ashish binani DOS, PGDHH - Apollo Hospital, Hyd. Optometry
(EYE AND VISION CARE CONSULTANT) Kolkata,
WB,
INDIA
Ashok Kumar Singh B.Sc. ,D.O.T.,FORCE Optometry
(CONTACT LENS ,RETINA) New Delhi,
india
Ashutosh bajpai B.opt, D.R.opt Optometry
(contact lens,squint n vision therapy) lucknow,
uttar pradesh,
india
Ashutosh Kumar Bsc opt, MBA Optometry Dubai,
U.A.E
Atanu Ghosh B.Optom Optometry
(FELLOWSHIP) HYDERABAD,
AP,
INDIA
Atanu Ghosh B.Optometry Optometry
(intern of SANKARA NETHRALAYA,chennai.) Chennai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Atanu Ghosh PG candidate Optometry Brisbane,
Australia
Atanu Samanta M.Optom Optometry
(optometry) Ahmedabad,
Gujarat,
India
tanu Samanta B.optom.M.OPTOM(BVUpune) Optometry Kolkata,
West Bengal,
India
Avik ray m.optom Optometry
(Low vision,CVS) Pune,
Maharastra,
India
Avik Sen B.Optm,F.Optm(Pursuing) Optometry Delhi,
New Delhi,
India
Azhaguvel .v. D.Opt .M.B.A., Optometry
(Retail Executive) Chennai,
Tamilnadu,
India
Babu NOushad B.Sc.Optometry Optometry Bangalore,
India
Bhuvanesawari D.O.T,B.opt Optometry
(Vitero retina) trichy,
tamilnadu,
india
Bipin kandari D.Orthopt Optometry new delhi,
india
Bipin Singh Kandari Diploma Orthoptics, Fellowship in Optometry Optometry
(OPRTHOPTICS) deharadun,
uttanchal,
india
bipin singh kandari diploma in othoptics and pleoptics Optometry
(fellowship in optometry) new delhi,
delhi,
india
Bipin singh kandari D.ORTHOPTICS &PLEOPTICS Optometry
(fellowship in optometry) delhi,
delhi,
India
Name Qualifications Speciality Location
Birendra Pratap Singh M.Sc.(Maths), B.Ed. Optometry
(D.Opt.,FCLI, Low Vision Care Fellowship( Hyderabad) Alwar,
Rajsthan,
India
Biswajit Mondal B. ScOptometry. Optometry
(D.C.L.P., C.C.L.P.) Durgapur.,
west Bengal.,
India
Biswajit Mondal B.Optometry. Optometry Durgapur,
West Bengal,
India
C M Anuja B S Optometry Optometry
(OPTOMETRY) Chennai,
TamilNadu,
India
C V Sivaramakrishnan B.S (Optom) Optometry Chennai,
TamilNadu,
INDIA
Chandra Diwakar Pandey B.Sc., D.R.Opt. Optometry
(REFRACTION) Kanpur,
U.P.,
India
Chetan Maniyar D.Optom, F. Optom Optometry Sangamner,
M.S.,
India
Chetan Ashok Maniyar D. Optom. , F. Optom. Optometry
(OPTOMETRY & CONTACT LENSES) Pune,
M.S.,
India
Chinmoy Naskar Bachelor of Optometry (B-OPTM) Gov. Recognised Optometry
(Eye Specialist, and consultant) Kolkata,Behala,
West Bengal,
India
Danish Ahmad B.optom Optometry
(Paediatric clinic,CL,Orthoptics,Diagnostics) New delhi,
New delhi,
India
Debarati Pramanik B.Optom Optometry New Delhi,
India
Debarshi Datta B.S. (Optometry), D.O.S. Optometry
(FELLOW IN LVPEI) AAnandapore, Keshpore West- Midnapore,
West Bengal,
India
Debashis Mondal D.O.S.M.,D.C.L.P.,D.Opt.(J.U.),F.C.L.I.(Aligar), Optometry
(Ocularist & Contact Lens Specialist.) Kolkata.,
West Bengal.,
India
Debasish Chakraborty B S (Optom) DOS DCLP Optometry
(CORNEA&CONTACT LENS) Kolkata,
W.B,
India
Debolina Kumar B.OPTM Optometry
(CONTACT LENS(F.C.L.I)) KOLKATA,
WEST BENGAL,
INDIA
Deepak Jaiswal M.Sc., D.O.R. Optometry Satna,
M.P.,
India
Della Bijo B.Sc.(Optometry) Optometry Chennai,
India
Dev Swaroop M.OPT., B.OPT., F.C.L.I., D.H.A. Optometry Patna,
Bihar,
India
Dev Swaroop B.Optom.,D.O.T.,F.C.L.I. Optometry
(PRESBIOPIC CONTACT LENSES) Chennai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Dev Swaroop D.Ophth.Tech., F.O.R.C.E., F.C.L.I., Optometry
(CONTACT LENCE, LOW VISION AIDS.) Chennai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Devanand S Lahore diploma in optometry Optometry pune,
maharastra,
india
dhirendra p sharma D.OPT.SC Optometry
(Optometry) varanasi,
UTTAR PRADESH,
INDIA
Digvijay Singh D.R Orthopt, C.C.L.P.(AligarhH) Optometry Saharanpur,
Uttar Pradesh,
India
Digvijay Singh diploma in optometry Optometry Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh,
India
Dilip Ranjan Chakraborty D.O.S(EX.C.R.O and clinical lecturer R.B.Univ.) Optometry
(Behavioral Contact lens.paediatric optometry.) Kolkata,
West Bengal,
India
dinesh kumar parashri D.opt,B.Sc. Optometry Optometry
(Contact Lens) New Delhi,
Delhi,
INDIA
Dr Debaleena Datta B.Optm(Kol),F.C.L.I (Aligarh) Optometry
(PRIMARY EYE CARE TREATMENT,CONTACT LENS) Kolkata,
West BEngal,
India
Dr Zafar Imam D.O.S.,R.M.P. Optometry
(Optometrist (only)) Kolkata,
W.B,
India
Dr. Anil Kumar Kalia Optometry Chandigarh,
UT,
India
Dr. Arun Tiwary B.S. Optometry, D.O.S.,D.C.L.P. Optometry
(CONTACT LENS & LOW VISION) Siliguri,
West Bengal,
India
Dr.B.Radha Ramanan D.O, D.N.B Optometry
(Glaucoma) Angamaly,
Kerala,
India
Dr.chandrabos sharma diploma of optometery Optometry
(graduate) ghaziabad,
u.p.,
india
Dr.Md.Mizanur Rahman M.S (Clinical Optometry),P.hD (CM) Optometry
(Contact Lens,Clinical Optometry) Dhaka,
,,
Bangladesh
Dr.R.K. Jain B.E.M.S. Optometry Ambala Cantt,
Haryana,
India
Dr.Shyam Singh Doctor of Optometry Optometry Scarborough,
Ontario,
Canada
Ekansh Maggo. B.Optom. Optometry
(C.L.,Orthoptics,L.V.A.) N.Delhi.,
N.Delhi,
INDIA
Fahmina Jawed BOPTM Optometry Raniganj,
West Bengal,
India
Farhana D.OPTH;ICLEP Optometry
(CONTACT LENS; REFRACTION) Hyderabad,
ANDRAPRADESH,
INDIA
Farhana. SK D.Opt; ICLEP Optometry
(CONTACT LENS; REFRACTION) hyderabad,
ANDRAPRADESH,
INDIA
Farhat rashid B.Sc Optometry Optometry
(Optometry) Madurai,
Tamil Nadu,
India
Thursday, December 16, 2010
Saturday, December 4, 2010
Dr. Tony Fernandez Kerala
Dr. S. Tony Fernandez is the new synonym in Eye – sight in Kerala, attracting patients from all over south and also from Arabian countries. He was elected as the president of the All India Ophthalmic Society, and Executive Member of the Medical Council of India. He was also a member of the medical faculty
Recommended Books on Optometry
Orthoptic Assessment and Management (Modern Optometry) This revision and reference text for pre-registration and postgraduate optometrists covers procedures for investigating heterophoria, heterotropia, vergence and accommodative anomalies, and the diagnosis of disorders of voluntary eye movement, nystagmus and supranuclear defects, paresis and non-paralytic incomitancy. Both motor and sensory anomalies are discussed together with syndromes involving oculomotor anomalies. Clinical management is outlined in protocols in an easily assimilable form. The new edition includes two new chapters on vision training and case management which will interest optometrists and orthoptists involved in sports vision, developmental vision therapy and the care of ophthalmic patients with neurological lesions. Pre-registration optometrists will find the chapters on routine orthoptic assessment and the professional qualifying examination of particular interest.
Refraction 1 Introduction Manual and CD: For Workers in Ophthalmology, Optometry, Optics, Opticianry, Allied Health, and Other Eye and Vision Care Industries and Practices (No. 1) This title is part of the UniversityOfHealthCare/ UniversityOfBusiness Interactive Training Library, which offers authoritative, clearly written material in an interactive form for better comprehension and documentation of completion. The manual accompanying the CD provides a summary of the major points of the CD in a handy format. Refraction 1 Introduction is useful for anyone who needs to learn about ophthalmology, optometry, vision care, or ophthalmic device and pharmaceutical sales. Refractive principles are the foundation for eye exams and understanding the eye. This course introduces you to the basic concepts in an interactive, graphical, and clear manner. You will learn about myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, plus and minus lenses, cylinder, refraction equipment, the steps of a refraction, important abbreviations, clinical situations, and more. Estimated time: 1-2 hours. 89 pages on CD. 15 pages in the manual. You must have Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher running on your computer. Supported operating systems are Windows 95, 98, 98 SE, ME, 2000, or XP. You will need Internet access to e-mail us your unique key and receive a password key. License is for one user on one computer. An additional computer owned by the same user will generally be approved at the discretion of the publisher.
Optometry A-Z This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. Whether it is used for learning, an examination revision aid or a quick reference tool for the busy practitioner, this comprehensive optometry encyclopedia will be an essential companion for all optometrists and eye care professionals throughout their careers. It includes all subspecialties of the subject, including: color vision, eye disease, low vision, binocular vision, orthoptics, contact lenses, spectacle lenses, ocular anatomy and physiology, geometrical and physical optics, optometric techniques, visual fields, occupational optometry, therapeutics and optometric law. With full-color illustrations and diagrams that further explain the text, this book is a valuable touchstone for all professionals in the field.
Quick reference A-Z format.
Extensively illustrated in color throughout.
Hundreds of terms and definitions.
Thorough explanations enhanced by line diagrams and tables for ready reference.
Comprehensively cross referenced.
Useful appendices including optometric and contact lens grading scales.
Edited by an acclaimed optometric author and educator.
Extensive contributions from leading authorities in the field.
An Introduction to Cognitive Optometry: 2007 Dr. Brelvi, a SUNY: Optometry graduate and an 18-year veteran of Clinical Optometry, throws down the "gauntlet" to the next generation of Vision Therapy clinicians, not only in the US but also around the world. He challenges them to adopt a much-needed optometric model in the Cognitive Neurosciences, in order to effectively address the burgeoning fields of Autism, various Neurological Dysfunctions and Learning Disabilities.According to Dr. Brelvi, the frontiers of scientific discovery are defined as much by the tools available for clinical observation and monitoring as by conceptual innovation. Optometrists or Optometric physicians have historically studied the visual system in toto to understand the subtle nuances associated with a spectrum of learning disabilities. Dr. Brelvi feels that the time is now ripe for Optometry to broaden its scientific horizons and venture into the Cognitive realm of neurological dysfunctions.By introducing the new discipline of Cognitive Optometry, Dr. Brelvi envisions fellow clinicians to recognize the key role played by the visual system in the complex process of cognition, which gives rise to the gift of sentience in modern Homo sapiens. In his view, what marks Cognitive Optometry as an emerging discipline in the Neuro-Clinical Sciences is the study of anomalous mental activity as a visual information-processing problem.It rests on the premise that our perceptions, thoughts and social behavior depend on the ability of the visual system to evaluate and collate sensory information correctly. Perceptual representations taking place in various regions of the brain need to be "translated" into successful goal-oriented behavior in afflicted "patients" to help lead more productive and rewarding lifestyles.
Paediatric Optometry This comprehensive book provides clear discussions of the essential information needed for this rewarding yet challenging area of optometric practice. Following the success of other books in this series, and compiled by a range of experts in the field, Paediatric Optometry is an essential purchase for anyone who has a role in assessing, maintaining, and caring for children's vision.
OAT Secrets Study Guide: OAT Exam Review for the Optometry Admission Test OAT Secrets helps you ace the Optometry Admission Test, without weeks and months of endless studying. Our comprehensive OAT Secrets study guide is written by our exam experts, who painstakingly researched every topic and concept that you need to know to ace your test. Our original research reveals specific weaknesses that you can exploit to increase your exam score more than you've ever imagined. OAT Secrets includes: The 5 Secret Keys to OAT Success: Time is Your Greatest Enemy, Guessing is Not Guesswork, Practice Smarter, Not Harder, Prepare, Don't Procrastinate, Test Yourself; A comprehensive Natural Sciences & Physics review including: Milking the Questions, Weeding Out Answers, Avoiding Technicalities, Using Provided Descriptions, Backtracking for Units, Avoiding Pitfalls, Understanding the Passage, Maintaining the Pace, Making Bizarre Decisions; A comprehensive Quantitative Reasoning review including: The Easiest Math Review You'll Ever Read, Solving for Variables, Breezing Through Word Problems, Keeping Probability Simple, Using the Right Formulas, Graphing for Success, Racing Through Ratios, Understanding Line Plotting, Mastering Difficult Problems; A detailed Reading Comprehension review including: Determining the Relationships, Making Strategic Eliminations, Recognizing Switchback Words, Understanding Word Types, Finding the Right Opportunities, When Truth Doesn't Equal Correctness, Avoiding the Trap of Familiarity, Making Logic Work for You, Skimming Techniques to Save Time, plus other special tips and secrets to help you prepare for your exam...
OAT: Complete Preparation for the Optometry Admission Test, 2001 Edition, The Science of Review Review text containing a full-length model of the OAT. Includes information, insights, and exercises. Quick-reference format. Softcover.
Eye Examination and Refraction (MODERN OPTOMETRY) City Univ., London, UK. Comprehensive text for undergraduate students and pre-registration optometrists. Previous edition: c1991. This edition includes 100 case histories and covers a wider range of practical clinical conditions. Color and halftone illustrations. Softcover.
Clinical Pearls for Optometry 2.1 Pocket-sized quick reference contains pearls beneficial to the experienced practitioner as well as the new graduate. Outline format. Wire-spiral binding.
Clinical Decision Making in Optometry State University of New York State College of Optometry, New York City. Text examining the process of clinical decisionmaking in the field of vision care for optometry students. Softcover. 22 U.S. contributors. DNLM: Optometry - methods.
Place a text-link or advertisement here for just US$15 per annum.
Refraction 1 Introduction Manual and CD: For Workers in Ophthalmology, Optometry, Optics, Opticianry, Allied Health, and Other Eye and Vision Care Industries and Practices (No. 1) This title is part of the UniversityOfHealthCare/ UniversityOfBusiness Interactive Training Library, which offers authoritative, clearly written material in an interactive form for better comprehension and documentation of completion. The manual accompanying the CD provides a summary of the major points of the CD in a handy format. Refraction 1 Introduction is useful for anyone who needs to learn about ophthalmology, optometry, vision care, or ophthalmic device and pharmaceutical sales. Refractive principles are the foundation for eye exams and understanding the eye. This course introduces you to the basic concepts in an interactive, graphical, and clear manner. You will learn about myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, plus and minus lenses, cylinder, refraction equipment, the steps of a refraction, important abbreviations, clinical situations, and more. Estimated time: 1-2 hours. 89 pages on CD. 15 pages in the manual. You must have Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher running on your computer. Supported operating systems are Windows 95, 98, 98 SE, ME, 2000, or XP. You will need Internet access to e-mail us your unique key and receive a password key. License is for one user on one computer. An additional computer owned by the same user will generally be approved at the discretion of the publisher.
Optometry A-Z This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. Whether it is used for learning, an examination revision aid or a quick reference tool for the busy practitioner, this comprehensive optometry encyclopedia will be an essential companion for all optometrists and eye care professionals throughout their careers. It includes all subspecialties of the subject, including: color vision, eye disease, low vision, binocular vision, orthoptics, contact lenses, spectacle lenses, ocular anatomy and physiology, geometrical and physical optics, optometric techniques, visual fields, occupational optometry, therapeutics and optometric law. With full-color illustrations and diagrams that further explain the text, this book is a valuable touchstone for all professionals in the field.
Quick reference A-Z format.
Extensively illustrated in color throughout.
Hundreds of terms and definitions.
Thorough explanations enhanced by line diagrams and tables for ready reference.
Comprehensively cross referenced.
Useful appendices including optometric and contact lens grading scales.
Edited by an acclaimed optometric author and educator.
Extensive contributions from leading authorities in the field.
An Introduction to Cognitive Optometry: 2007 Dr. Brelvi, a SUNY: Optometry graduate and an 18-year veteran of Clinical Optometry, throws down the "gauntlet" to the next generation of Vision Therapy clinicians, not only in the US but also around the world. He challenges them to adopt a much-needed optometric model in the Cognitive Neurosciences, in order to effectively address the burgeoning fields of Autism, various Neurological Dysfunctions and Learning Disabilities.According to Dr. Brelvi, the frontiers of scientific discovery are defined as much by the tools available for clinical observation and monitoring as by conceptual innovation. Optometrists or Optometric physicians have historically studied the visual system in toto to understand the subtle nuances associated with a spectrum of learning disabilities. Dr. Brelvi feels that the time is now ripe for Optometry to broaden its scientific horizons and venture into the Cognitive realm of neurological dysfunctions.By introducing the new discipline of Cognitive Optometry, Dr. Brelvi envisions fellow clinicians to recognize the key role played by the visual system in the complex process of cognition, which gives rise to the gift of sentience in modern Homo sapiens. In his view, what marks Cognitive Optometry as an emerging discipline in the Neuro-Clinical Sciences is the study of anomalous mental activity as a visual information-processing problem.It rests on the premise that our perceptions, thoughts and social behavior depend on the ability of the visual system to evaluate and collate sensory information correctly. Perceptual representations taking place in various regions of the brain need to be "translated" into successful goal-oriented behavior in afflicted "patients" to help lead more productive and rewarding lifestyles.
Paediatric Optometry This comprehensive book provides clear discussions of the essential information needed for this rewarding yet challenging area of optometric practice. Following the success of other books in this series, and compiled by a range of experts in the field, Paediatric Optometry is an essential purchase for anyone who has a role in assessing, maintaining, and caring for children's vision.
OAT Secrets Study Guide: OAT Exam Review for the Optometry Admission Test OAT Secrets helps you ace the Optometry Admission Test, without weeks and months of endless studying. Our comprehensive OAT Secrets study guide is written by our exam experts, who painstakingly researched every topic and concept that you need to know to ace your test. Our original research reveals specific weaknesses that you can exploit to increase your exam score more than you've ever imagined. OAT Secrets includes: The 5 Secret Keys to OAT Success: Time is Your Greatest Enemy, Guessing is Not Guesswork, Practice Smarter, Not Harder, Prepare, Don't Procrastinate, Test Yourself; A comprehensive Natural Sciences & Physics review including: Milking the Questions, Weeding Out Answers, Avoiding Technicalities, Using Provided Descriptions, Backtracking for Units, Avoiding Pitfalls, Understanding the Passage, Maintaining the Pace, Making Bizarre Decisions; A comprehensive Quantitative Reasoning review including: The Easiest Math Review You'll Ever Read, Solving for Variables, Breezing Through Word Problems, Keeping Probability Simple, Using the Right Formulas, Graphing for Success, Racing Through Ratios, Understanding Line Plotting, Mastering Difficult Problems; A detailed Reading Comprehension review including: Determining the Relationships, Making Strategic Eliminations, Recognizing Switchback Words, Understanding Word Types, Finding the Right Opportunities, When Truth Doesn't Equal Correctness, Avoiding the Trap of Familiarity, Making Logic Work for You, Skimming Techniques to Save Time, plus other special tips and secrets to help you prepare for your exam...
OAT: Complete Preparation for the Optometry Admission Test, 2001 Edition, The Science of Review Review text containing a full-length model of the OAT. Includes information, insights, and exercises. Quick-reference format. Softcover.
Eye Examination and Refraction (MODERN OPTOMETRY) City Univ., London, UK. Comprehensive text for undergraduate students and pre-registration optometrists. Previous edition: c1991. This edition includes 100 case histories and covers a wider range of practical clinical conditions. Color and halftone illustrations. Softcover.
Clinical Pearls for Optometry 2.1 Pocket-sized quick reference contains pearls beneficial to the experienced practitioner as well as the new graduate. Outline format. Wire-spiral binding.
Clinical Decision Making in Optometry State University of New York State College of Optometry, New York City. Text examining the process of clinical decisionmaking in the field of vision care for optometry students. Softcover. 22 U.S. contributors. DNLM: Optometry - methods.
Place a text-link or advertisement here for just US$15 per annum.
optometry Books
CODE NAME OF THE BOOK AUTHOR R/L
GENERAL ANATOMY
GA01 HUMAN ANATOMY (VOL 3) B.D. CHAURASIA R
GA01a HUMAN ANATOMY (VOL 3) B.D. CHAURASIA L
GA02 CUNNING'S MANUAL OF ANATOMY ( VOL 1) G.J. ROMANES L
GA03 CUNNING'S MANUAL OF ANATOMY ( VOL 1) G.J. ROMANES L
GA04 GRANT'S MANUAL OF ANATOMY AGUR/LEE R
GA05 LAST'S ANATOMY SINNATAMBAY R
GA06 GRAY'S ANATOMY GRAY R
GA07 POCKET MEDICAL DICTIONARY C. LIVINGSTONE R
GA08 CUNNING'S MANUAL OF PRACTICAL ANATOMY G.J. ROMANES R
GA09 CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY P.J MEHTA R
GA10 GRAY'S ANATOMY CYTOLOGY - EMBRYOLOGY GRAY R
GA11 GRAY'S ANATOMY CESTOLOGY - ARTHOLOGY GRAY R
GA12 GRAY'S ANATOMY MYOLOGY GRAY R
GA13 GRAY'S ANATOMY - NEUROLOGY GRAY R
GA14 GRAY'S ANATOMY SPLANCHNOLOGY GRAY R
GA15* PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS R J VAKIL R
GA16* OXORN - HUMAN LABOR AND BIRTH OXORN R
GA17 GENERAL ANATOMY B.D. CHAURASIA L
GA18 HUMAN HISTOLOGY INDERBIRSINGH L
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
GP01* TEXT BOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY GUYTON R
GP02 PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TORTORA R
GP02a PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TORTORA R
BIOCHEMISTRY
BC01(a) BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE EYE DAVID WHIKEHART R
BC01(b) BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE EYE DAVID WHIKEHART L
BC02 MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY CHATTERJE R
BC03 ESSENTIALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY DR. RAMAKRISHANAN L
BC04 BIOCHEMISTRY LEHNINGER R
PHARMACOLOGY
PH01 PHARMACOLOGY FOR DIP. IN PHARMACY STUDENTS K D CHAUDHURI L
PH02 PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES & ALLIED PROF. K D CHAUDHURI L
PH03* DRUG'S AND THE EYE VALE & COX R
PH04 OCULAR THERAPEUTICS PAUL FECHNER R
PH05 THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS LOUIS GOODMAN & ALFRED L
PH06 OPHTHALMIC THERAPEUTIC INDEX FDC R
PH07 MANUAL OF OPHTHALMIC DRUGS AND DOSAGES ASHOK GARG R
PH08 CLINICAL OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY JIMMY.D. BARTLETT, SIRET JANUS R
MICROBIOLOGY
MB01 BASIC OF MICROBIOLOGY ARORA R
MB02 ESSENTIAL IMMUNOLOGY IVAN ROITT R
PATHOLOGY
PA01 BASIC PATHOLOGY ROBINS & KUMAR R
PA01 STATISTICAL TOOLS IN CLINICAL PATHOLOGY BRADLEY(Mrs. Ambali Kale) R
NUTRITION
NU01 FOOD & NUTRITION FACTS AND FIGURES KUSUM GUPTA L
HOSPITAL PROCEDURE
HP01 HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION C M FRANCIS L
MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY
MP01* EXPERIMENTS IN OPTOMETRIC PSYCHOMETRIC C M FRANCIS L
MP02* FOCUS YOUR MIND'S EYE H. R. DAWKINS R
MP03 MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY L
ENGLISH
EG01 ROGET'S THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS & PHRASES ROGET'S
PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING
PL01(a) I ES EDUCATION SERIES I.E.S R
PL01(b) I ES EDUCATION SERIES I.E.S R
PHYSICAL OPTICS
PO01(a) A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS SUBRAHMANYAM R
PO01(b) A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS SUBRAHMANYAM L
PO01(c) A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS (23RD Ed: 2006) SUBRAHMANYAM R
PO02 COLLEGE PHYSICS PART 2 ADDISON WESLEY L
PO03 OPTICS (10TH Ed) FREEMAN R
PO03* OPTICS (7TH Ed) W.H.A. FINCHAM L
PO04* INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL OPTICS ROBERTSON R
PO05 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICS ENKING AND WHITE L
PO06 TEXTBOOK OF LIGHT G.R.NOAKES L
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
GO01 A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS K GOSH
GO02 OPTICS IN VISION HENRI OBSTFELD R
GO02(a) OPTICS IN VISION HENRI OBSTFELD L
GO03 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION KETNA RAO R
GO04 LASERS IN MEDICINE
GO05 LASERS THERAPY AND APPLICATIONS K. THYAGARAJAN & GHATAK L
GO06 INTRODUCTION TO OPTICS GEOMETRICAL AND PHYSICAL JOHN K. ROBOTSONS L
GO07 EMSLEY'S OPTICAL TABLES AND DATA U.K. OPTICAL, BAUSCH & LOMB R
OCULAR ANATOMY
OA01*
PARSON'S DISEASES OF THE EYE DUKE-ELDER R
OA01 PARSON'S DISEASES OF THE EYE DUKE-ELDER L
OA02*
OCULAR HISTOLOGY FINE & YANOFF R
OA03(a) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (1) PEYMAN R
OA03(b) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (1) PEYMAN R
OA04(a) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (2) PEYMAN R
OA04(b) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (2) PEYMAN R
OA04(c) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA05(a) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA05(b) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA05(c) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA06 OCULAR ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY D.M PIPE L
OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
OP01 ADLER'S PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE ADLER'S R
OP02 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE ( ARVIND EYE HOSP) RAVINDRAN L
OP03* PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE FATT R
OP04 ADLER'S PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE ADLER'S L
OP05 DICTIONARY OF VISUAL SCIENCE SCHAPERO, CLINE R
VISUAL OPTICS
VO01*(a) PRACTICE OF REFRACTION DUKE-ELDER R
VO01*(b) PRACTICE OF REFRACTION DUKE-ELDER L
VO02* INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL OPTICS A H TUNNACLIFFE R
VO03* CLINICAL REFRACTION ( VOL 1) BORISH R
VO04* CLINICAL REFRACTION ( VOL 2) BORISH R
VO05*(a) CLINICAL OPTICS FANNIN R
VO05(b) CLINICAL OPTICS FANNIN L
VO06 VISUAL OPTICS A CLINICAL APPROCH DAVID MICHALES R
VO07 CLINICAL VISUAL OPTICS RONALD RABBETTS R
VO08 INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL OPTICS A H TUNNACLIFFE L
VO09 CONTROL OF VISUAL ACCOMMODATION KARAN AGARWAL R
VO10 REFRACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF AMETROPIA KENNETH E. BROOKMAN R
OPTOMETRIC OPTICS
OO01* UNDERSTANDING OF LENS SURFACING BROOKS R
OO02* SPECTACLE FRAMES AND THEIR DISPENSING HENRI OBSTFELD R
DISPENSING OPTICS
DP01 OPHTHALMIC PRESCRIPTION WORK K.G. WAKEFIELD R
DP02 PRESBYOPIA EDUCATION PROGRAM ICEE R
DP03 OPHTHALMIC LENSES AND THEIR DISPENSING M O JALIE R
DP04 THE PRINCIPLE OF OPHTHALMIC LENSES M O JALIE L
DP05 SYSTEM FOR OPHTHALMIC DISPENSING BROOK R
DP05 (a) SYSTEM FOR OPHTHALMIC DISPENSING BROOK L
DP06 UNDERSTANDING LENS SURFACING CLIFFORD W. BROOKS R
LOW VISION
LV01* THE ART AND PRACTICE OF LOW VISION FREEMAN & JOSE R
LV02 FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF LOW VISION BRUCE & ROY R
LV03 UNDERSTANDING LOW VISION RANDALL JOSE R
LV04 REMEDIATION & MANAGEMENT OF LOW VISION BRUCE ROSENTHAL R
LV05 LOW VISION AWARENESS PROGRAM LVPEI (LAP 2002) R
LV06 A NEW LOOK AT VISION CARE ELEANOR,MICHAEL,KAREN R
LAW AND OPTOMETRY
LO01 AN OPTOMETRISTS GUIDE TO CLINICAL ETHICS BAILEY, HEITMAN R
LO02 OPTOMETRY AND THE LAW SEYMOUR COSLENS L
LO03 BUSINESS ASPECTS IN OPTOMETRY JOHN,CRIAG,DONALD R
LO04 BOOK AND ACCOUNTANCY L.N.CHOPDE R
LO05 IF YOU WANT TO STUDY L
OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION
OI01* OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION BROOKS R
OI02* OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION HENRI OBSTFELD R
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF VISUAL SYSTEM
CV01*(a) CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN OPTOMETRY AMOS/ESKRIDGE R
CV01(b) CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN OPTOMETRY AMOS/ESKRIDGE L
CV01(c) CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN OPTOMETRY AMOS/ESKRIDGE L
CV02*(a) PRIMARY CARE OPTOMETRY GROSVENOR R
CV02*(b) PRIMARY CARE OPTOMETRY GROSVENOR L
CV02*(c) PRIMARY CARE OPTOMETRY GROSVENOR L
CV03* OPTOMETRY KEITH EDWARDS R
CV04* NEUROOPTOMETRIC REHABILITATION GROSVENOR R
CV05 (a) CLINICAL PROCEDURES FOR OCULAR EXAMINATION CARLSON&KURTZ L
CV05 (b) CLINICAL PROCEDURES FOR OCULAR EXAMINATION CARLSON&KURTZ L
CV06 OPHTHALMIC OPTICS LAB LEE&WARDLAW L
CV07 GUIDE TO VISION THERAPY RICHMAN&CRON L
CV08 MECHANICAL OPTICS KOZOL L
CV09 CLINICAL METHODS MANUAL MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY L
CV10 FABRICATION MANUAL NEW ENGLAND COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY L
CV11 OPTOMETRY LABORATORY COURSE NOTES R J JACOBS L
CV12 NEURO OPTHALMOLOGY REVIEW MANUAL KLINE&BAJANDAS L
CV13 FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF VISION UNI. OF MELBOURNE L
CV14 PERIPHERAL SKILLS ANALYSIS MANUAL PAMELA FENG C.GOLD L
CV15 BETTER EYESIGHT W.H.BATES MD L
CV16 GUIDE TO CLINICAL ASSESSMENT UNI. OF AUCKLAND R
CV17 CLINICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL OPTOMETRY CLINIC MELINDA ELDERWOOD R
CV18 450.311 CLINICAL OPTOMETRY UNI. OF AUCKLAND R
CV19 VISUAL FIELDS DAVID B. HENSON R
CV20 DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT IN VISION CARE JOHN F.AMOS R
CV21 CLINICAL PRACTICE PATTERNS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY SANKARA NETHRALAYA R
BASIC SCIENCES
BS01(a) UPDATE ON GENERAL MEDICINE AAO R
BS01(b) UPDATE ON GENERAL MEDICINE AAO L
BS02(a) FUNDAMENTALS & PRINCIPALS OF OPHTHALS AAO R
BS02 (b) FUNDAMENTALS & PRINCIPALS OF OPHTHALS AAO R
BS03 (a) OPTICS, REFRACTION & CONTACT LENSES AAO R
BS03 (b) OPTICS, REFRACTION & CONTACT LENSES AAO L
BS04 (a) OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY & INRAOCULAR TUMORS AAO R
BS04 (b) OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY & INRAOCULAR TUMORS AAO R
BS05 (a) NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY AAO R
BS05 (b) NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY AAO L
BS06 (a) PEDIATRIC OPTHALMOLOGY & STRABISMS AAO R
BS06 (b) PEDIATRIC OPTHALMOLOGY & STRABISMS AAO L
BS07 (a) ORBIT, EYELIDS, LACRIMAL SYSTEM AAO R
BS07 (b) ORBIT, EYELIDS, LACRIMAL SYSTEM AAO L
BS08 (a) EXTERNAL DISEASE & CORNEA AAO R
BS08 (b) EXTERNAL DISEASE & CORNEA AAO L
BS09 (a) INTRAOCULAR INFLAMATION & UVEITIS AAO R
BS09 (b) INTRAOCULAR INFLAMATION & UVEITIS AAO L
BS10 (a) GLAUCOMA, LENS & ANTERIOR SEG. TRAUMA AAO R
BS 10(b) GLAUCOMA, LENS & ANTERIOR SEG. TRAUMA AAO L
BS 11 (a) LENS & CATRACT AAO R
BS 11(b) LENS & CATRACT AAO L
BS 12 (a) RETINA & VITREOUS AAO R
BS 12 (b) RETINA & VITREOUS AAO L
BS 13 (a) MASTER INDEX AAO R
BS 13 (b) MASTER INDEX AAO L
BINOCULAR VISION
BV01 BINOCULAR VISION HENRY HOFSTETTE R
BV02* CLINICAL ORTHOPTICS 2ND ED KRAMER R
BV03* MANAGEMENT OF STRABISMS & AMBLYOPIA PRATT JOHNSON R
BV04a BINOCULAR VISION FOUNDATION &APPLICATION R.W.READING L
BVO4b BINOCULAR VISION FOUNDATION &APPLICATION R.W.READING L
BV05 BINOCULAR VISION & OCULAR MOTILITY GUNTER NOORDEN R
BV06 PRACTICAL ORTHOPTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF SQINT LYLE AND JACKSONS R
BV07* a CLINICAL USES OF PRISM WILLIAM R
BV07* b CLINICAL USES OF PRISM SUSAN A COTTER L
BV08 FOUNDATIONS OF BINOCULAR VISION SCOTT R
BV09 CLINICAL ORTHOPTICS FIONA ROWE R
BV010 ESSENTIALS OF CLINICAL BINOCULAR VISION ERICK M. WEISSBERG R
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EP01 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE T.BHASKARARAO R
EP02 PRIMER OF EPIDEMIOLOGY GRAY R
EP03 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DR. S. M. ISRANEY R
EP04 STATISTICAL METHODS IN BIOLOGY NORMAN BAILEY R
EP05 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS MURRAY R
EP06 METHODS IN BIOSTATISTICS B.K. MAHAJAN R
EP07 OAT OPTOMETRY ADMISSION TEST AFTAB S. HASSAN R
OCULAR DISEASES
ODO1* SYMPTOMS IN EYE EXAMINATION GEOFFEERY BALL R
ODO2* CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY J KANSKI R
ODO2(b) CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY J KANSKI R
ODO2(c) CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY J KANSKI L
ODO3* ATLAS OF CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY SPALTON, HUNTER R
ODO4* A COLOR ATLAS OF CORNEAL DISEASE FDC R
ODO5* HANDBOOK OF OPHTHALMOLOGY B M CHATTARJEE R
ODO6* POCKET GLOSSARY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY JOSEP R
ODO7* THE PEDIATRIC CLINIC OF NORTH AMERICA LOIS J L
OD08 PRIMARY CARE OF THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT LOUIS CATANIA L
OD09 VISION OF THE AGING PATIENT MONROE &RALPH L
OD10 CLINICAL PEDIATRIC OPTOMETRY LEONARDO PRESS L
OD11 TEXT BOOK OF GLAUCOMA BRUCE SHEILD R
OD12 DYSLEXIA & VISION BRUCE EVANS R
OD13 ASSESING CHILDRENS VISION LEAT,SHUTE,WESTAL R
OD14 SPORTS VISION LOREN MACEWEN R
OD14(a) SPORTS VISION LOREN MACEWEN L
OD15 DAVIDSON'S PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINES HASLETT,CHILVERS, R
OD16(a) VISION IMPAIRMENT AND VISION REHABILITATION SILVERSTONE,FANG R
OD16(b) VISION IMPAIRMENT AND VISION REHABILITATION SILVERSTONE,FANG L
OD17 VISUAL AND VESTIBULAR CONSEQUENCES OF
ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY IRWIN KENNETH R
OD18 EYE AND BRAIN R.L. GREGORY R
OD19 EYE AND BRAIN R.L. GREGORY L
OD20 WORK AND THE EYE RACHEL V. NORTH R
OD21 ECHOGRAPHY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY J. POUJAL R
OD22 PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY DAVID TAYLOR R
OD23 MANUAL OF OCULAR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY PAVAN / LANGSTON R
CONTACT LENSES
CL01*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 1(ANTRIOR SEG) IACLE R
CL01(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 1(ANTRIOR SEG) IACLE R
CL02*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 2(INT. TO CL) IACLE R
CL02(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 2 (INT. TO CL) IACLE R
CL03*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 3 (CL. FITTING) IACLE R
CL03(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 3 (CL. FITTING) IACLE R
CL04*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 4 (EXAMINATION) IACLE R
CL04(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 4 (EXAMINATION) IACLE R
CL05*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 5 (CARE & MAINT) IACLE R
CL05(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 5 (CARE & MAINT) IACLE R
CL06*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 9 (SPECIAL TOPICS) IACLE R
CL06(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 9 (SPECIAL TOPICS) IACLE R
CL07*(a) SOFT CONTACT LENSES IACLE R
CL08*(a) CONTACT LENSES PHILIPS / STONE R
CL08*(b) CONTACT LENSES PHILIPS / STONE R
CL09* FITTING GUIDE TO RIGID & SOFT CONTACT LENSES STEIN/ SLATT R
CL10* POCKET GUIDE CONTACT LENSES ALLERGAN R
CL11* A GUIDE TO CLINICAL CONTACT LENSES MANAGEMENT A BRUCE R
CL12 CONTACT LENS PRACTICE ROBERT MANDELL R
CL13(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 6 IACLE R
CL14(a-e) DISPENSING SOLA PROGRESSIVE LENSES (5 COPIES) SOLA R
CL15 FLEXILENS FILE IV R
CL16 SILICON HYDROGELS D F SWEENY R
CL17 BAUSCH & LAUMB R
CL18 ESSENTIALS CONTACT LENS PRACTICE R
CL19 THE CORNEA ITS EXAMINATION IN CL PRACTICE EFRON R
CL20 CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 7 (OCULAR COMPLI) IACLE R
CL21 CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE10 (BUSINESS) IACLE
GENERAL ANATOMY
GA01 HUMAN ANATOMY (VOL 3) B.D. CHAURASIA R
GA01a HUMAN ANATOMY (VOL 3) B.D. CHAURASIA L
GA02 CUNNING'S MANUAL OF ANATOMY ( VOL 1) G.J. ROMANES L
GA03 CUNNING'S MANUAL OF ANATOMY ( VOL 1) G.J. ROMANES L
GA04 GRANT'S MANUAL OF ANATOMY AGUR/LEE R
GA05 LAST'S ANATOMY SINNATAMBAY R
GA06 GRAY'S ANATOMY GRAY R
GA07 POCKET MEDICAL DICTIONARY C. LIVINGSTONE R
GA08 CUNNING'S MANUAL OF PRACTICAL ANATOMY G.J. ROMANES R
GA09 CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY P.J MEHTA R
GA10 GRAY'S ANATOMY CYTOLOGY - EMBRYOLOGY GRAY R
GA11 GRAY'S ANATOMY CESTOLOGY - ARTHOLOGY GRAY R
GA12 GRAY'S ANATOMY MYOLOGY GRAY R
GA13 GRAY'S ANATOMY - NEUROLOGY GRAY R
GA14 GRAY'S ANATOMY SPLANCHNOLOGY GRAY R
GA15* PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS R J VAKIL R
GA16* OXORN - HUMAN LABOR AND BIRTH OXORN R
GA17 GENERAL ANATOMY B.D. CHAURASIA L
GA18 HUMAN HISTOLOGY INDERBIRSINGH L
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
GP01* TEXT BOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY GUYTON R
GP02 PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TORTORA R
GP02a PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TORTORA R
BIOCHEMISTRY
BC01(a) BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE EYE DAVID WHIKEHART R
BC01(b) BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE EYE DAVID WHIKEHART L
BC02 MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY CHATTERJE R
BC03 ESSENTIALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY DR. RAMAKRISHANAN L
BC04 BIOCHEMISTRY LEHNINGER R
PHARMACOLOGY
PH01 PHARMACOLOGY FOR DIP. IN PHARMACY STUDENTS K D CHAUDHURI L
PH02 PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES & ALLIED PROF. K D CHAUDHURI L
PH03* DRUG'S AND THE EYE VALE & COX R
PH04 OCULAR THERAPEUTICS PAUL FECHNER R
PH05 THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS LOUIS GOODMAN & ALFRED L
PH06 OPHTHALMIC THERAPEUTIC INDEX FDC R
PH07 MANUAL OF OPHTHALMIC DRUGS AND DOSAGES ASHOK GARG R
PH08 CLINICAL OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY JIMMY.D. BARTLETT, SIRET JANUS R
MICROBIOLOGY
MB01 BASIC OF MICROBIOLOGY ARORA R
MB02 ESSENTIAL IMMUNOLOGY IVAN ROITT R
PATHOLOGY
PA01 BASIC PATHOLOGY ROBINS & KUMAR R
PA01 STATISTICAL TOOLS IN CLINICAL PATHOLOGY BRADLEY(Mrs. Ambali Kale) R
NUTRITION
NU01 FOOD & NUTRITION FACTS AND FIGURES KUSUM GUPTA L
HOSPITAL PROCEDURE
HP01 HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION C M FRANCIS L
MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY
MP01* EXPERIMENTS IN OPTOMETRIC PSYCHOMETRIC C M FRANCIS L
MP02* FOCUS YOUR MIND'S EYE H. R. DAWKINS R
MP03 MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY L
ENGLISH
EG01 ROGET'S THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS & PHRASES ROGET'S
PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING
PL01(a) I ES EDUCATION SERIES I.E.S R
PL01(b) I ES EDUCATION SERIES I.E.S R
PHYSICAL OPTICS
PO01(a) A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS SUBRAHMANYAM R
PO01(b) A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS SUBRAHMANYAM L
PO01(c) A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS (23RD Ed: 2006) SUBRAHMANYAM R
PO02 COLLEGE PHYSICS PART 2 ADDISON WESLEY L
PO03 OPTICS (10TH Ed) FREEMAN R
PO03* OPTICS (7TH Ed) W.H.A. FINCHAM L
PO04* INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL OPTICS ROBERTSON R
PO05 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICS ENKING AND WHITE L
PO06 TEXTBOOK OF LIGHT G.R.NOAKES L
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
GO01 A TEXT BOOK OF OPTICS K GOSH
GO02 OPTICS IN VISION HENRI OBSTFELD R
GO02(a) OPTICS IN VISION HENRI OBSTFELD L
GO03 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION KETNA RAO R
GO04 LASERS IN MEDICINE
GO05 LASERS THERAPY AND APPLICATIONS K. THYAGARAJAN & GHATAK L
GO06 INTRODUCTION TO OPTICS GEOMETRICAL AND PHYSICAL JOHN K. ROBOTSONS L
GO07 EMSLEY'S OPTICAL TABLES AND DATA U.K. OPTICAL, BAUSCH & LOMB R
OCULAR ANATOMY
OA01*
PARSON'S DISEASES OF THE EYE DUKE-ELDER R
OA01 PARSON'S DISEASES OF THE EYE DUKE-ELDER L
OA02*
OCULAR HISTOLOGY FINE & YANOFF R
OA03(a) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (1) PEYMAN R
OA03(b) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (1) PEYMAN R
OA04(a) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (2) PEYMAN R
OA04(b) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (2) PEYMAN R
OA04(c) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA05(a) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA05(b) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA05(c) PRINCIPLES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOL (3) PEYMAN R
OA06 OCULAR ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY D.M PIPE L
OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
OP01 ADLER'S PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE ADLER'S R
OP02 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE ( ARVIND EYE HOSP) RAVINDRAN L
OP03* PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE FATT R
OP04 ADLER'S PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE ADLER'S L
OP05 DICTIONARY OF VISUAL SCIENCE SCHAPERO, CLINE R
VISUAL OPTICS
VO01*(a) PRACTICE OF REFRACTION DUKE-ELDER R
VO01*(b) PRACTICE OF REFRACTION DUKE-ELDER L
VO02* INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL OPTICS A H TUNNACLIFFE R
VO03* CLINICAL REFRACTION ( VOL 1) BORISH R
VO04* CLINICAL REFRACTION ( VOL 2) BORISH R
VO05*(a) CLINICAL OPTICS FANNIN R
VO05(b) CLINICAL OPTICS FANNIN L
VO06 VISUAL OPTICS A CLINICAL APPROCH DAVID MICHALES R
VO07 CLINICAL VISUAL OPTICS RONALD RABBETTS R
VO08 INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL OPTICS A H TUNNACLIFFE L
VO09 CONTROL OF VISUAL ACCOMMODATION KARAN AGARWAL R
VO10 REFRACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF AMETROPIA KENNETH E. BROOKMAN R
OPTOMETRIC OPTICS
OO01* UNDERSTANDING OF LENS SURFACING BROOKS R
OO02* SPECTACLE FRAMES AND THEIR DISPENSING HENRI OBSTFELD R
DISPENSING OPTICS
DP01 OPHTHALMIC PRESCRIPTION WORK K.G. WAKEFIELD R
DP02 PRESBYOPIA EDUCATION PROGRAM ICEE R
DP03 OPHTHALMIC LENSES AND THEIR DISPENSING M O JALIE R
DP04 THE PRINCIPLE OF OPHTHALMIC LENSES M O JALIE L
DP05 SYSTEM FOR OPHTHALMIC DISPENSING BROOK R
DP05 (a) SYSTEM FOR OPHTHALMIC DISPENSING BROOK L
DP06 UNDERSTANDING LENS SURFACING CLIFFORD W. BROOKS R
LOW VISION
LV01* THE ART AND PRACTICE OF LOW VISION FREEMAN & JOSE R
LV02 FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF LOW VISION BRUCE & ROY R
LV03 UNDERSTANDING LOW VISION RANDALL JOSE R
LV04 REMEDIATION & MANAGEMENT OF LOW VISION BRUCE ROSENTHAL R
LV05 LOW VISION AWARENESS PROGRAM LVPEI (LAP 2002) R
LV06 A NEW LOOK AT VISION CARE ELEANOR,MICHAEL,KAREN R
LAW AND OPTOMETRY
LO01 AN OPTOMETRISTS GUIDE TO CLINICAL ETHICS BAILEY, HEITMAN R
LO02 OPTOMETRY AND THE LAW SEYMOUR COSLENS L
LO03 BUSINESS ASPECTS IN OPTOMETRY JOHN,CRIAG,DONALD R
LO04 BOOK AND ACCOUNTANCY L.N.CHOPDE R
LO05 IF YOU WANT TO STUDY L
OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION
OI01* OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION BROOKS R
OI02* OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION HENRI OBSTFELD R
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF VISUAL SYSTEM
CV01*(a) CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN OPTOMETRY AMOS/ESKRIDGE R
CV01(b) CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN OPTOMETRY AMOS/ESKRIDGE L
CV01(c) CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN OPTOMETRY AMOS/ESKRIDGE L
CV02*(a) PRIMARY CARE OPTOMETRY GROSVENOR R
CV02*(b) PRIMARY CARE OPTOMETRY GROSVENOR L
CV02*(c) PRIMARY CARE OPTOMETRY GROSVENOR L
CV03* OPTOMETRY KEITH EDWARDS R
CV04* NEUROOPTOMETRIC REHABILITATION GROSVENOR R
CV05 (a) CLINICAL PROCEDURES FOR OCULAR EXAMINATION CARLSON&KURTZ L
CV05 (b) CLINICAL PROCEDURES FOR OCULAR EXAMINATION CARLSON&KURTZ L
CV06 OPHTHALMIC OPTICS LAB LEE&WARDLAW L
CV07 GUIDE TO VISION THERAPY RICHMAN&CRON L
CV08 MECHANICAL OPTICS KOZOL L
CV09 CLINICAL METHODS MANUAL MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY L
CV10 FABRICATION MANUAL NEW ENGLAND COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY L
CV11 OPTOMETRY LABORATORY COURSE NOTES R J JACOBS L
CV12 NEURO OPTHALMOLOGY REVIEW MANUAL KLINE&BAJANDAS L
CV13 FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF VISION UNI. OF MELBOURNE L
CV14 PERIPHERAL SKILLS ANALYSIS MANUAL PAMELA FENG C.GOLD L
CV15 BETTER EYESIGHT W.H.BATES MD L
CV16 GUIDE TO CLINICAL ASSESSMENT UNI. OF AUCKLAND R
CV17 CLINICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL OPTOMETRY CLINIC MELINDA ELDERWOOD R
CV18 450.311 CLINICAL OPTOMETRY UNI. OF AUCKLAND R
CV19 VISUAL FIELDS DAVID B. HENSON R
CV20 DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT IN VISION CARE JOHN F.AMOS R
CV21 CLINICAL PRACTICE PATTERNS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY SANKARA NETHRALAYA R
BASIC SCIENCES
BS01(a) UPDATE ON GENERAL MEDICINE AAO R
BS01(b) UPDATE ON GENERAL MEDICINE AAO L
BS02(a) FUNDAMENTALS & PRINCIPALS OF OPHTHALS AAO R
BS02 (b) FUNDAMENTALS & PRINCIPALS OF OPHTHALS AAO R
BS03 (a) OPTICS, REFRACTION & CONTACT LENSES AAO R
BS03 (b) OPTICS, REFRACTION & CONTACT LENSES AAO L
BS04 (a) OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY & INRAOCULAR TUMORS AAO R
BS04 (b) OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY & INRAOCULAR TUMORS AAO R
BS05 (a) NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY AAO R
BS05 (b) NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY AAO L
BS06 (a) PEDIATRIC OPTHALMOLOGY & STRABISMS AAO R
BS06 (b) PEDIATRIC OPTHALMOLOGY & STRABISMS AAO L
BS07 (a) ORBIT, EYELIDS, LACRIMAL SYSTEM AAO R
BS07 (b) ORBIT, EYELIDS, LACRIMAL SYSTEM AAO L
BS08 (a) EXTERNAL DISEASE & CORNEA AAO R
BS08 (b) EXTERNAL DISEASE & CORNEA AAO L
BS09 (a) INTRAOCULAR INFLAMATION & UVEITIS AAO R
BS09 (b) INTRAOCULAR INFLAMATION & UVEITIS AAO L
BS10 (a) GLAUCOMA, LENS & ANTERIOR SEG. TRAUMA AAO R
BS 10(b) GLAUCOMA, LENS & ANTERIOR SEG. TRAUMA AAO L
BS 11 (a) LENS & CATRACT AAO R
BS 11(b) LENS & CATRACT AAO L
BS 12 (a) RETINA & VITREOUS AAO R
BS 12 (b) RETINA & VITREOUS AAO L
BS 13 (a) MASTER INDEX AAO R
BS 13 (b) MASTER INDEX AAO L
BINOCULAR VISION
BV01 BINOCULAR VISION HENRY HOFSTETTE R
BV02* CLINICAL ORTHOPTICS 2ND ED KRAMER R
BV03* MANAGEMENT OF STRABISMS & AMBLYOPIA PRATT JOHNSON R
BV04a BINOCULAR VISION FOUNDATION &APPLICATION R.W.READING L
BVO4b BINOCULAR VISION FOUNDATION &APPLICATION R.W.READING L
BV05 BINOCULAR VISION & OCULAR MOTILITY GUNTER NOORDEN R
BV06 PRACTICAL ORTHOPTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF SQINT LYLE AND JACKSONS R
BV07* a CLINICAL USES OF PRISM WILLIAM R
BV07* b CLINICAL USES OF PRISM SUSAN A COTTER L
BV08 FOUNDATIONS OF BINOCULAR VISION SCOTT R
BV09 CLINICAL ORTHOPTICS FIONA ROWE R
BV010 ESSENTIALS OF CLINICAL BINOCULAR VISION ERICK M. WEISSBERG R
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EP01 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE T.BHASKARARAO R
EP02 PRIMER OF EPIDEMIOLOGY GRAY R
EP03 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DR. S. M. ISRANEY R
EP04 STATISTICAL METHODS IN BIOLOGY NORMAN BAILEY R
EP05 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS MURRAY R
EP06 METHODS IN BIOSTATISTICS B.K. MAHAJAN R
EP07 OAT OPTOMETRY ADMISSION TEST AFTAB S. HASSAN R
OCULAR DISEASES
ODO1* SYMPTOMS IN EYE EXAMINATION GEOFFEERY BALL R
ODO2* CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY J KANSKI R
ODO2(b) CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY J KANSKI R
ODO2(c) CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY J KANSKI L
ODO3* ATLAS OF CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY SPALTON, HUNTER R
ODO4* A COLOR ATLAS OF CORNEAL DISEASE FDC R
ODO5* HANDBOOK OF OPHTHALMOLOGY B M CHATTARJEE R
ODO6* POCKET GLOSSARY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY JOSEP R
ODO7* THE PEDIATRIC CLINIC OF NORTH AMERICA LOIS J L
OD08 PRIMARY CARE OF THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT LOUIS CATANIA L
OD09 VISION OF THE AGING PATIENT MONROE &RALPH L
OD10 CLINICAL PEDIATRIC OPTOMETRY LEONARDO PRESS L
OD11 TEXT BOOK OF GLAUCOMA BRUCE SHEILD R
OD12 DYSLEXIA & VISION BRUCE EVANS R
OD13 ASSESING CHILDRENS VISION LEAT,SHUTE,WESTAL R
OD14 SPORTS VISION LOREN MACEWEN R
OD14(a) SPORTS VISION LOREN MACEWEN L
OD15 DAVIDSON'S PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINES HASLETT,CHILVERS, R
OD16(a) VISION IMPAIRMENT AND VISION REHABILITATION SILVERSTONE,FANG R
OD16(b) VISION IMPAIRMENT AND VISION REHABILITATION SILVERSTONE,FANG L
OD17 VISUAL AND VESTIBULAR CONSEQUENCES OF
ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY IRWIN KENNETH R
OD18 EYE AND BRAIN R.L. GREGORY R
OD19 EYE AND BRAIN R.L. GREGORY L
OD20 WORK AND THE EYE RACHEL V. NORTH R
OD21 ECHOGRAPHY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY J. POUJAL R
OD22 PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY DAVID TAYLOR R
OD23 MANUAL OF OCULAR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY PAVAN / LANGSTON R
CONTACT LENSES
CL01*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 1(ANTRIOR SEG) IACLE R
CL01(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 1(ANTRIOR SEG) IACLE R
CL02*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 2(INT. TO CL) IACLE R
CL02(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 2 (INT. TO CL) IACLE R
CL03*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 3 (CL. FITTING) IACLE R
CL03(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 3 (CL. FITTING) IACLE R
CL04*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 4 (EXAMINATION) IACLE R
CL04(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 4 (EXAMINATION) IACLE R
CL05*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 5 (CARE & MAINT) IACLE R
CL05(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 5 (CARE & MAINT) IACLE R
CL06*(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 9 (SPECIAL TOPICS) IACLE R
CL06(b) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 9 (SPECIAL TOPICS) IACLE R
CL07*(a) SOFT CONTACT LENSES IACLE R
CL08*(a) CONTACT LENSES PHILIPS / STONE R
CL08*(b) CONTACT LENSES PHILIPS / STONE R
CL09* FITTING GUIDE TO RIGID & SOFT CONTACT LENSES STEIN/ SLATT R
CL10* POCKET GUIDE CONTACT LENSES ALLERGAN R
CL11* A GUIDE TO CLINICAL CONTACT LENSES MANAGEMENT A BRUCE R
CL12 CONTACT LENS PRACTICE ROBERT MANDELL R
CL13(a) CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 6 IACLE R
CL14(a-e) DISPENSING SOLA PROGRESSIVE LENSES (5 COPIES) SOLA R
CL15 FLEXILENS FILE IV R
CL16 SILICON HYDROGELS D F SWEENY R
CL17 BAUSCH & LAUMB R
CL18 ESSENTIALS CONTACT LENS PRACTICE R
CL19 THE CORNEA ITS EXAMINATION IN CL PRACTICE EFRON R
CL20 CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE 7 (OCULAR COMPLI) IACLE R
CL21 CONTACT LENSES COURSE MODULE10 (BUSINESS) IACLE
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM (CMOC) FOR INDIA
FIRST DRAFT DATED -16-06-2009
Additional Information
Dated 18-08-2009
Dear Optometry Friends,
Greetings from members of Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum development team.
It is with utmost sincerity and dedication; we hereby would like to share the first draft of the Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum for India to you all.
It was on January 25th 2008, the team of like minded people came together at Elite School of Optometry, Chennai to initiate the much needed Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum for India. Since then every three months the team met in different places and brainstormed on the essential courses, objective, description, and course contents. Please give your open comments to the below contact person either through email/normal mailing/ telephone. You can also access the softcopy of the First draft of CMOC for India from Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry (ASCO) website.
Thanking you,
For CMOC Team
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Elite School of Optometry
8; GST Road, St Thomas Mount,
Chennai – 600 016
Email : ramani_kk@yahoo.co.in
Mobile: 098403 12791
LAN Phone: 044 – 2234 6023
Members of Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
1.Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Principal,
Elite School of Optometry
8, GST Road, St Thomas Mount,
Chennai – 600 016
Email : ramani_kk@yahoo.co.in
Mobile: 098403 12791
LAN Phone: 044 – 2234 6023
2.Mr. Aditya Goyal
In- Charge – Optometry programme
Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,
#1, 3rd cross street, Sri Sankara Nagar, Pammal,
Chennai – 600075
Email: adityagoyal@hotmail.com
Mobile: 09381053158
Land Phone: 044 22484799/5299
3.Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan
Assistant Professor
Elite School of Optometry
8, GST Road, St Thomas Mount,
Chennai – 600 016
Email : drlsv@snmail.org
LAN Phone: 044 – 2232 1835
4.Ms. Prema Chande
Principal,
Lotus College of Optometry
Mumbai
Email : premachande@hotmail.com
5.Prof. De Jong Coen
Bausch & Lomb School of Optometry
Kismatpur,
Hyderabad
6.Prof. Dipti Gogate
Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College
School of Optometry
Katraj- Dhanakawadi, Pune, Satara Road,
Pune – 411 043 BVP, Pune
Email :diptigogate@vsnl.net
Mobile: 09422504206
7.Ms. Kunda Ganatra
President
Indian Optometric Association
Mumbai
Email:rganatra@bom5.vsnl.net.in
8.Mr. Vivek Mendonsa
President
Association of Schools & Colleges of Optometry (ASCO)
Lawrence & Mayo House, 274, Dr. D. N. Road, Fort,
Mumbai – 400 001.
Mobile: 098 202 888 17
Email: vivekmendonsa@rediffmail.com
LAN Phone: 022 – 2207 7440 / 2201 2358
9.Mr. Yeshwant Saoji
Educational Representative
Indian optometric Association
Nagpur
10.Ms. Lakshmi Shinde
Coordinator – IACLE & ICEE
Asia Pacific region
List of Contributors
Sr. No
Course
Authors
Reviewer
1
Biochemistry I & II
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Dr. K.N. Sulochana Ph.D.
Professor and Head
Biochemistry Research Dept
Vision Research Foundation
Sankara Nethralaya
18, College Road
Chennai . 600 006.
Phone: 044-28271616 (Extn. 1315)
Fax: 044-28254180
Email: drkns@snmail.org
2
General Anatomy
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Principal,
Elite School of Optometry
3
General Physiology
Mr. Aditya Goyal
4
Ocular Anatomy
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Principal,
Elite School of Optometry
5
Ocular Physiology
Mr. Aditya Goyal
6
Geometrical Optics I & II
Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan
Ms. Varuna Padmanabhan MS
Was teaching Physical/ Geometrical Optics at School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley.
Ms. Revathy
ESO Alumnus, At present working in Sankara Nethralaya
7
Physical Optics
Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan
Ms. Varuna Padmanabhan MS
Was teaching Physical/ Geometrical Optics at School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley.
Ms. Revathy
ESO Alumnus, At present working in Sankara Nethralaya
8
Optometric Optics -I & II
Mr. Prasant Sawant
Ms. Anjali
Ms. Rashima ,
Faculty,
Optometric optics, Elite School of Optometry
9
Microbiology
Dr. Mrs. Padmini Sathe
BHMS, PGDPC
10
Pathology
Dr. S Krishna Kumar
Faculty, Elite School of Optometry
Dr. Padmini Sathe
BHMS, PGDPC
11
Visual Optics I & II
Miss. Mithali Kamat,
Assistant Lecturer,
B.V.P. School of Optometry,
Pune.
12
Contact Lens I & II
Mr. Nagesh
13
Geriatric Optometry
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Ms. Prema Chande
Principal,
Lotus Collage of Optometry
14
Binocular Vision I and II
Prof. Dipti Gogate
Mr. Aditya Goyal
15
Paediatric Optometry
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Rizwana
Pediatric Optometrist
Sankara Nethralaya
Faculty, Elite School of Optometry
16
Public Health & Community Optometry
Dr.R.R.Sudhir, M.B.B.S.,D.O.,D.N.B.,M.P.H (Johns Hopkins, USA)
Head Dept of Preventive Ophthalmology,
Consultant Cornea Services,
Consultant In-charge Electronic Medical Records,
Sankara Nethralaya,
Medical and Vision Research Foundation,
18 College Road,
Nugambakkam, Chennai- 600 006,
Tel : +91-44-28271616 ; Fax : +91-44-28254180
email: rrsudhir@yahoo.com ; drrrs@snmail.org
17
Low Vision Aids
Prof .Dipti Gogate
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
18
Occupational Optometry
Prof. Dipti Gogate
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Dr .R Krishna Kumar
19
Systemic Disease
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
20
Nutrition
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
21
Optometric Instruments
22
Pharmacology
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
23
Ocular Disease I & II
Dr R Krishna Kumar
24
CEVS
Ms. Prema Chande
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
25
Dispensing Optics
Mr. Prasant Sawant
Mrs Anjali
26
Clinical Training
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Ms. Prema Chande
Acknowledgements To
Prof. Jay M Enoch, Dean, Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley
Dr. S Meenakshi, Director, Academics, Sankara Nethralaya
Dr. Vivek A Saoji, Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College, Pune
Dr. S S Badrinath, Chairman, Emeritus, Sankara Nethralaya
Definition for Optometry (from CMOC perspective) :
“Optometry is a health care profession that is autonomous and optometrists are primary health care practitioners of the eye and visual system who provide comprehensive eye and vision care, which includes refraction and dispensing, detection/diagnosis and co-management of disease in the eye and the rehabilitation of conditions of the visual system”
Role of an Optometrist:
Primary eye care (Diagnosis /referral),
Vision care (Contact lens, Refraction, Low Vision, Binocular vision services),
Co- Management of diseases (Referral and Follow-up).
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM FOR INDIA
( Four year Degree programme)
Eligibility : Higher Secondary with Physics/Chemistry/ Maths or Biology, and minimum 60% marks in each of the above subjects in the final examination
Year
Courses
Hours
Hours
First Semester
Second Semester
General Anatomy
32 (10)
Basic Biochemistry II
20(20)
General Physiology
45 (20)
Ocular Anatomy
39(10)
Basic Biochemistry I
27(20)
Ocular Physiology
47(14)
Nutrition
15
Geometrical optics -II
45(20)
Geometrical Optics - I
49
Physical optics
37(15)
Clinic - I
Third Semester
Fourth Semester
Ocular Microbiology
18
Optometric Optics -II
37
Optometric optics- I
21
Visual Optics - II
27
Visual optics - I
20
Ocular Disease - II
46
Optometric Instruments
32
Basic Pharmacology
24
Ocular Diseases - I
46
Pathology
20
Clinical examination of Visual System
29
Clinics - III
68
Clinic - II
Fifth Semester
Sixth Semester
Contact lens - I
37(25)
Contact Lens - II
30(25)
Low Vision Aid
21(6)
Binocular Vision - II
31
Geriatric Optometry
25
Public Health and Community optometry
26
Pediatric Optometry
30
Dispensing Optometry
19
Binocular Vision - I
29
Occupational Optometry
20
Systemic Disease
57
Clinics - V
68
Clinics- IV
Clinical Internship - Seventh and Eight Semester
Note: Numbers in parenthesis is dedicated practical hours for different courses
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE NAME : General Anatomy
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in anatomy, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1)Course Description: General anatomy deals with the entire human anatomy with emphasis on different tissues, blood vessels, glands, nerves and the entire central nervous system in particular.
2)Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
Comprehend the normal disposition, inter-relationships, gross, functional and applied anatomy of various structures in the human body.
Identify the microscopic structures of various tissues, and organs in the human body and correlate the structure with the functions.
Comprehend the basic structure and connections between the various parts of the central nervous system so as to analyze the integrative and regulative functions on the organs and systems.
3) Text Book:
a)BD Chaurasia: Handbook of general Anatomy, Third edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1996
b) GJ Tortora, B Derrickson: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology,11th edition,
John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2007
4) Reference Book: No recommendation. It is left to the faculty
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology or remedial biology
6) Course Outline:
Sr. No.
Topics
No. of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Introduction to Human Anatomy: Anatomy: Definition and its relevance in medicine and optometry
Planes of the body, relationship of structures, organ system
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Skeleton System
3
Lecture
MCQs/Viva
3
Tissues of the Body:
Epithelium, connective tissue, bone and cartilage, Embryology, histology, different types of each of them, types of cells, cellular differentiation and arrangements in different tissues
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Muscles:
Different types of muscles, their functional differentiation, their relationship with different structures, their neural supply
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Blood vessels:
Differentiation between arteries and veins, embryology, histology of both arteries and veins, Functional differences between the two, anatomical differences at different locations
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
6
Skin and appendages:
Embryology, anatomical differences in different areas, functional and protective variations, innervations, relationship with muscles and nerves
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Lymphatic system:
Embryology, functions, relationship with blood vessels and organs
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Glands:
Embryology, different types of glands (exocrine and endocrine), functional differences, neural control of glands
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Nervous system:
Parts of Nervous system, cell types of nervous system, Blood-brain barrier, Reflex arc, Peripheral Nerves, Spinal nerves, Nerve fibers, Autonomic Nervous system
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
Brain and Cranial nerves:
Major parts of Brain, Protective coverings of the Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum, Cranial nerves
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Number of Hours
32
7. Reading Assignment: Encourage the students to develop the habit of referring books
and submit written assignments.
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
Practical: 10 Hours
Practical demonstration of each organ using specimen. If specimen for certain organs are not available, then videos can be shown to make the student understand the anatomic structures.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : General Physiology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in physiology, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1)Course Description: General physiology deals with the entire human anatomy with emphasis on different organ systems, their physiological functions with special emphasis on blood and neuro physiology.
2)Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
Explain the normal functioning of various organ systems of the body and their interactions.
Elucidate the physiological aspects of normal growth and development.
Describe the physiological response and adaptations to environmental stresses.
Know the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis of disease.
3)Text Book:
G J Tortora, B Derrickson: Principles of anatomy & physiology,11th edition,
John Wiley & Sons Inc, New Jersey, 2007
4)Reference Book:
AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition,CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006
A C Guyton: Text book of Medical Physiology, 6th edition, saunders company, Japan, 1981
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology or remedial biology
6) Course Outline:
Sr. No.
Topics
No. of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Cell structure & organization
Tissue organization
Epithelium
Connective tissue – Collagen fibers – Elastic fibers – Areolar fibers
Cartilage – Bone
Contractile tissue – striated – skeletal – cardiac – non striated – plain – myoepithelial
General principles of cell physiology
Physiology of skeletal muscle
5
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
BLOOD:
Composition
Volume measurement & variations
Plasma proteins – classification & functions
Red blood cells – development, morphology & measurements – functions & dysfunctions.
White blood cells – development – classification, morphology – functions & dysfunctions
Platelets – morphology – development, functions & dysfunctions
Clotting – factors – mechanism – anti- coagulants dysfunctions
Blood grouping – classification – importance in transfusion, Rh factor & incompatibility
Suspension stability
Osmotic stability
Reticulo endothelial system
Spleen
lymphatic tissue
Thymus
bone marrow
immune system
cellular
Humoral
autoimmune
10
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
DIGESTION:
General arrangement
Salivary digestion – functions & regulations
Gastric digestion – functions & regulations
Pancreatic digestion – functions & regulations
Intestinal digestion – functions & regulations
Liver & bile
Absorption
Motility
Deglutition
Vomiting
Defecation
Functions of large intestine
Neurohumoral regulations of alimentary functions, summary
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
EXCRETION:
Body fluids – distribution, measurement & exchange, Kidney – structure of nephron – mechanism of urine formation – composition of the urine and abnormal constituents – urinary bladder & micturition
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
ENDOCRINES:
Hormone mechanism – negative feed backs – tropic action – permissive action – cellular action, hypothalamic regulation
Thyroid - hormones, actions, regulations
Adrenal cortex - hormones, actions, regulations
Adrenal medulla – hormones, actions, regulations
Parathyroid - hormones, actions, regulations
Islets of pancreas – hormones, actions, regulations
Miscellaneous _ hormones, actions, regulations
Common clinical disorders
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
6
REPRODUCTION:
Male reproductive system – control & regulation
Female reproductive system – uterus – ovaries – menstrual cycle – regulation – pregnancy & delivery – breast – family planning
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Respiration:
Mechanics of respiration – pulmonary function tests – transport of respiratory gases- neural and chemical regulation of respiration – hypoxia, cyanosis, dyspnoea – asphyxia.
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Circulation:
General principles
Heart: myocardium – innervation – transmission of cardiac impulse- Events during cardiac cycle – cardiac output. Peripheral circulation: peripheral resistances – arterial blood pressure – measurements – factors regulation variations – capillary circulation – venous circulation. Special circulation: coronary cerebral – miscellaneous
8
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Environmental Physiology
Body temperature regulation (including skin Physiology). Exposure to low and high atmospheric pressure
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
Nervous System:
Neuron – Conduction of impulse – synapse – receptor.
Sensory organization – pathways and perception
Reflexes – cerebral cortex – functions. Thalamus – Basal ganglia
Cerebellum.
Hypothalamus.
Autonomic nervous system – motor control of movements, posture and equilibrium –
conditioned reflex, eye hand co-ordination
5
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
11
Special senses – (Elementary) Olfaction – Taste – Hearing
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Number of Hours
45
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students.
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals (20 Hours)
Blood test:
Microscope
Haemocytometer
Blood
RBC count
Hb
WBC count
Differential Count
Hematocrit demonstration
ESR
Blood group & Rh. Type
Bleeding time and clotting time.
Digestion:
Test salivary digestions
Excretion:
Examination of Urine
Specific gravity
Albumin
Sugar
Microscopic examination for cells and cysts
Endocrinology and Reproduction:
Dry experiments in the form of cases showing different endocrine disorders.
Respiratory System:
Clinical examination of respiratory system
Spirometry
Breath holding test
Cardio Vascular System:
Clinical examination of circulatory system
Measurement of blood pressure and pulse rate
Effect of exercise on blood pressure and pulse rate
Central Nervous System:
Sensory system
Motor system
Cranial system
Superficial and deep reflexes
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Basic Biochemistry - I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in biochemistry, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1)Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Biochemistry I deals with the biochemical nature of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, lipids etc. A detailed study of these, emphasizing on their chemical composition and their role in metabolism is the required aim of this course.
2) Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: demonstrate his
knowledge and understanding on:\
Structure, function and interrelationship of biomolecules and consequences of deviation from normal.
Integration of the various aspects of metabolism, and their regulatory pathways.
Principles of various conventional and specialized laboratory investigations and instrumentation, analysis and interpretation of a given data.
3) Text book:
S. Ramakrishnan: Essentials of biochemistry and ocular biochemistry, Annamalai University Publications, Chidambaram, India, 1992
5)Reference Books:
S. Ramakrishnan, K G Prasannan and R Rajan: Text book of Medical Biochemistry,
Orient Longman, Madras, 1990
D.R. Whikehart: Biochemistry of the Eye, 2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Pennsylvania, 2003
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level chemistry with good knowledge of organic chemistry.
6) Course Outline:
Sr.No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Carbohydrates:
Glucose; fructose; galactose; lactose; sucrose; starch and glycogen (properties and tests, Structure and function)
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Proteins:
Amino acids, peptides, and proteins (general properties & tests with a few examples like glycine, trytophan, glutathione, albumin, hemoglobin, collagen)
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Lipids:
Fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated, cholesterol and triacyglycerol, phospholipids and plasma membrane
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Vitamins:
General with emphasis on A,B2, C, E and inositol (requirements, assimilation and properties)
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Minerals:
Na, K, Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Se.(requirements, availability and properties)
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Hours
27
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on journal articles relevant to the course
8) Practical: (20 Hours)
Reactions of monosaccharides, disaccharides and starch:
Glucose Fructose
Galactose Maltose, lactose
Sucrose Starch
Analysis of Unknown Sugars:
Estimation:
Photometry Biofluid of choice – blood, plasma, serum
Standard graphs Glucose
Proteins Urea
Creatinine Bilirubin
9. Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
Quiz/MCQ
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Assignment/ Seminar
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : NUTRITION
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Nutritionist with Masters/ Doctorate
1. Course Description: This course covers the basic aspects of Nutrition for good
health. It also includes nutrients and nutrient derivatives relevant to ocular health,
nutrition deficiency and ocular disease, Nutrition and ocular aging, and
contraindications, adverse reactions and ocular nutritional supplements.
2. Course Objective : At the end of the course student would have gained the
knowledge of the following:
Balanced diet.
Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, Minerals, carotenoids and eye.
Nutrition and Ocular aging
Adverse effects of ocular nutritional supplements.
3. Text books:
M Swaminathan: Hand book of Food and Nutrition, fifth edition, Bangalore printing & publishing Co.Ltd, Bangalore,2004
C Gopalan, BV Rama Sastri, SC Balasubramanian: Nutritive Value of Indian Foods , National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad,2004
Frank Eperjesi & Stephen Beatty: Nutrition and the Eye A practical Approach,
Elsevier Butterworth – Heinemann, USA, 2006
4. Reference books: No recommendation. It is left to the faculty.
5. Prerequisites: Nothing Specific
6. Course plan:
Sr. No
Topics
No of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Introduction to Nutrition and Food Science, Food Groups and Food Pyramid
1
Lecture
Written
2
Balanced diet for different age groups, Recommended dietary Allowances
1
Lecture
Assignment
3
Assessment of Nutritional Status.
1
Lecture
Assignment
4
Energy – Units, Metabolisms, Energy expenditure, and Energy imbalance.
1
Lecture
Written
5
Digestion, absorption and transport of Food
1
Lecture
Written
6
Proteins and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
7
Lipids and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
8
Carbhohydrates and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
9
Vitamins and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
10
Minerals and trace elements and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
11
Carotenoids and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
12
Oxidative stress and the eye
1
Lecture
Written
13
Vitamin A, C and E deficiency
1
Lecture
Written
14
Nutrition and ocular aging
1
Lecture
Seminar
15
Contraindications, Adverse reactions and ocular nutritional supplements
1
Lecture
Seminar
15
7. Reading Assignments: (Example given below. However the faculty can decide on the assignments to develop the referring habit of the students)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sr. No. TOPICS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a.Age related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)
b.Carotenoids in Age related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS)
c.Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial (LAST).
d.Celtic Age Related Maculopathy Arrestation (CARMA) study
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Geometrical optics
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines
OR
An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D
OR
An optometrist with an undergraduate degree
1) Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Geometric Optics is the study of light and its behavior as it propagates in a variety of media. Specifically, the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light at boundaries between media and subsequent image formation will be dealt with in detail. Reflections at plane and spherical surfaces and refractions at plane, spherical, cylindrical and toric surfaces will be studied in this course. Attention will be given to the system of surfaces and/or lenses and their imaging properties. The effect of aperture stops on the quality of images, such as blur and aberrations, depth of field and depth of focus, will also be studied.
2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of mirrors and lenses. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the basic properties of the images formed on the retina by the optics of the eye.
3) Text book:
Tunnacliffe A. H, Hirst J. G, Optics, The association of British Dispensing Opticians, London, U.K., 1990.
Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
4) Reference Books:
Loshin D. S. The Geometric Optics Workbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, USA, 1991.
Schwartz S. H. Geometrical and Visual Optics: A Clinical Introduction, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 2002.
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.
6) Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Nature of light – light as electromagnetic oscillation; ideas of sinusoidal oscillations; amplitude and phase; speed of light in vacuum and other media; refractive index.
2
Lectures; Sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
2
Wavefronts – spherical, elliptical and plane; Curvature and vergence; rays; convergence and divergence in terms of rays and vergence; vergence at a distance
2
Lectures; Sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
3
Refractive index; its dependence on wavelength
1
Lectures
MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions
4
Fermat’s and Huygen’s Principle – Derivation of laws of reflection and refraction (Snell’s law) from these principles
4
Lectures; Assignments
MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions
5
Plane mirrors – height of the mirror; rotation of the mirror
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs
6
Reflection by a spherical mirror – paraxial approximation; sign convention; derivation of vergence equation
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; conceptual MCQs
7
Imaging by concave mirror
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
8
Imaging by convex mirror
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
9
Reflectivity; transmittivity
1
Lectures; Sample Problems
MCQs; Problems
10
Snell’s Law; refraction at a plane surface
1
Lectures
Conceptual questions
11
Glass slab; displacement without deviation; displacement without dispersion
2
Lectures and student presentation
Problems, MCQs
12
Thick prisms; angle of prism; deviation produced by a prism; refractive index of the prism
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
13
Prisms; angular dispersion; dispersive power; Abbe’s number.
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
14
Definition of crown and flint glasses; materials of high refractive index
1
Lectures and student presentation
MCQs
15
Thin prism – definition; definition of Prism diopter; deviation produced by a thin prism; it dependence on refractive index
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems; MCQs
16
Refraction by a spherical surface; sign convention; introduction to spherical aberration using image formed by a spherical surface of a distance object; sag formula
3
Lectures and computer demonstration
Problems
17
Paraxial approximation; derivation of vergence equation
1
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
18
Imaging by a positive powered surface
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
20
Imaging by a negative powered surface
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
21
Vergence at a distance formula; effectivity of a refracting surface
1
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
22
Definition of a lens as a combination of two surfaces; different types of lens shapes.
1
Student Presentation or assignment
MCQs
23
Image formation by a lens by application of vergence at a distance formula; definitions of front and back vertex powers; equivalent power; first and second principal planes/points; primary and secondary focal planes/points; primary and secondary focal lengths
4
Lectures, sample problems, assignments
Problems, MCQs
24
Newton’s formula; linear magnification; angular magnification
2
Lectures, sample problems, assignments
Problems, MCQs
25
Nodal Planes
1
Lectures, sample problems, assignments
Problems, MCQs
26
Thin lens as a special case of thick lens; review of sign convention
1
Student Presentation
Problems
27
Imaging by a thin convex lens; image properties (real/virtual; erect/inverted; magnified/minified) for various object positions
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems, MCQs
28
Imaging by a thin concave lens; image properties (real/virtual; erect/inverted; magnified/minified) for various object positions
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems, MCQs
29
Prentice’s Rule
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
30
System of two thin lenses; review of front and back vertex powers and equivalent power, review of six cardinal points.
2
Lectures; Sample Problems, Assignments
Problems, MCQs
31
System of more than two thin lenses; calculation of equivalent power using magnification formula
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems, MCQs
Total number of Lectures
49
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty needs to give opportunity to students to go and refer relevant literatures
8) Evaluation pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.
9) Practical: Please see the Geometrical optics – II course contents for details. It is left to the faculty to split the practical and conduct in first and second part of the course.
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS:
The course curriculum is structured such that there is a smooth flow of ideas from the easy to the difficult. However, there is one deviation from this ideal. Concepts of thick lenses are dealt with before moving on to thin lenses. Since the human eye and most of its visual aids are thick lenses in nature, we have decided to emphasize on thick lenses and deal thin lenses only as a simplification of thick lens. Universally, thin lenses are taught first before moving on to thick lenses. Therefore, we leave it to the instructors to make a choice of which one of these to teach first.
Nodal planes are not taught along with the other cardinal planes. This is because, unless the students get a clear understanding of angular magnification, it is difficult to teach them nodal planes. However, we leave it to the instructor to do it the way given in this curriculum or teach all the six cardinal planes at one go.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Basic Biochemistry -II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in biochemistry, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1) Course Description: This course is being taught in two consecutive semesters. Biochemistry II deals with the metabolism that takes place in the human body. It also deals with ocular biochemistry in detail. Clinical estimation as well as the clinical significance of biochemical values is also taught.
2) Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: demonstrate his knowledge and understanding on:
Integration of the various aspects of metabolism, and their regulatory pathways.
Understand metabolic processes taking place in different ocular structures and fluids
Principles of various conventional and specialized laboratory investigations and instrumentation, analysis and interpretation of a given data.
3) Textbooks:
S. Ramakrishnan: Essentials of biochemistry and ocular biochemistry, Annamalai University Publications, Chidambaram, India, 1992
4) Reference Books:
S. Ramakrishnan, K G Prasannan and R Rajan: Text book of Medical Biochemistry, Orient Longman, Madras, 1990
D R Whikehart: Biochemistry of the Eye, 2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Pennsylvania, 2003
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level chemistry with good knowledge of organic chemistry and knowledge of Biochemistry I.
6) Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Hormones and their receptors basic concepts in metabolic regulation with examples, insulin, glucagons and thyroxine
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Metabolism
General whole body metabolism (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids)
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Ocular Biochemistry
Various aspects of the eye, viz. tears, cornea, lens, aqueous, vitreous, retina and pigment epithelium rhodopsin. (The important chemicals in each and their roles).
8
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Clinical Biochemistry
Blood sugar, urea, creatinine and Bilirubin, cholesterol etc and significance of their estimation.
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Hours
20
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty will decide on the articles to be read by the students.
8) Practical (20 Hours):
Quantitative exercises:
i.Abnormal constituents in urine, sugar, proteins, ketones, blood and bile salts
ii. Detection of abnormal constituents in urine
Techniques:
Electrophoresis, Chromatography, Preparation of - normal, molar and percentage solutions, buffers, PH determination
Demonstration:
Estimation of blood cholesterol, estimation of alkaline phosphate, salivary amylase (effect of PH, etc.).
9. Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
Quiz/MCQ
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Seminar/
assignment
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR – SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Anatomy
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in anatomy with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology or an ophthalmologist with M.S.
1) Course Description: This course deals with detailed anatomy of the orbit, eyeball and cranial nerves associated with ocular functions.
2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
Comprehend the normal disposition, inter-relationships, gross, functional and applied anatomy of various structures in the eye and adnexa.
Identify the microscopic structures of various tissues in the eye and correlate the structure with the functions.
Comprehend the basic structure and connections between the various parts of the central nervous system and the eye so as to understand the neural connections and distribution.
To understand the basic principles of ocular embryology.
3) Text Book:
L A Remington: Clinical Anatomy of the Visual System, Second edition, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA, 2005.
3)Reference Books:
AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition,
CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology and knowledge of general human anatomy.
6) Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Cornea:
Anatomy of all the layers, cellular structure, nerve supply, reason for transparency, refractive properties
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Coats of eyeball:
1.Sclera (episclera & sclera)
2.Choroid (Iris, ciliary body, choroid)
3.Retina
Detailed anatomy, cellular structure, vasculature, nerve supply for all the above coats, pupils, nerve supply for pupillary actions, pupillary pathway.
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Crystalline lens
2
Lecture
MCQs, Short notes
4
Aqueous, anterior chamber, vitreous body
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Ocular Embryology
2
Lecture
MCQs
6
Detailed study of orbit
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Ocular Adnexa and Lacrimal system
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Extra ocular muscles (anatomy, innervations, action)
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Orbital Blood supply
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
CRANIAL NERVES:
Detailed study of each of the following nerves in terms of their nucluei, course, relationship within brain, effects of compression etc at different regions
1.Optic nerve
2.Oculomotor nerve
3.Trochlear nerve
4.Trigeminal nerve
5.Abducent nerve
6.Facial nerve
10
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
11
Visual Pathway
3
Lectures
MCQs, Quiz
12
Autonomic Innervations of Ocular structures
3
Lectures
MCQs, Short Notes
Total Number of Hours
39
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students.
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practical: (10 Hours)
Eye dissection of bull’s eye
Orbital bones and landmarks using Skull
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Physiology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in physiology, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology or an Optometrist/Ophthalmologist who have adequate experience in teaching Physiology
1) Course Description: Ocular physiology deals with the physiological functions of each part of the eye.
2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
Explain the normal functioning of all the structures of the eye and their interactions.
Elucidate the physiological aspects of normal growth and development of the eye.
Understand the phenomenon of vision.
List the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis and treatment of disease of the eye.
3) Text book:
AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition,
CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006
4)Reference Book:
RD Ravindran: Physiology of the eye, Arvind eye hospitals, Pondicherry, 2001
PL Kaufman, A Alm: Adler’s Physiology of the eye clinical application, 10th edition, Mosby, 2002
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology and/or General physiology.
6) Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Protective mechanisms in the eye
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Precorneal tear film, eyelids and lacrimation
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Extrinsic Ocular muscles, their actions and control of their movements
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Saccadic, smooth pursuit and Nystagmic eye movements
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Coats of the eye ball
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
6
Corneal Physiology
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Aqueous humor and vitreous: Intra ocular pressure
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Iris and pupil
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Crystalline lens and accommodation – presbyopia
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
Retina – structure and functions, dark and Light Adaptations
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
11
Vision – general aspects of sensation
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
12
Pigments of the eye and photochemistry, electrophysiology
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
13
The visual stimulus, refractive errors
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
14
Visual acuity, vernier acuity and principle of measurement
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
15
Visual perception – Binocular vision, stereoscopic vision, optical illusions
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
16
Visual pathway, central and cerebral connections, lesions of pathway and effects
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
17
Colour vision and colour defects. Theories and diagnostic tests
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total number of Hours
47
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students.
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals (14 Hours):
Eye movements
Tests for lachrymal secretion (Schirmer’s)
Break up time
Anterior segment examination – Slit lamp examination - demo
Pupillary reflexes
Schiotz tonometry
Measurement of accommodation
Visual acuity measurement
Ophthalmoscopy and retinoscopy
Light and dark adaptation
Binocular vision
Colour vision
Electrophysiology
All the above procedures are demonstrated to enable students to understand the physiological concepts.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Geometrical optics II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines
OR
An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D
OR
An optometrist with an undergraduate degree
1) Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Geometric Optics is the study of light and its behavior as it propagates in a variety of media. Specifically, the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light at boundaries between media and subsequent image formation will be dealt with in detail. Reflections at plane and spherical surfaces and refractions at plane, spherical, cylindrical and toric surfaces will be studied in this course. Attention will be given to the system of surfaces and/or lenses and their imaging properties. The effect of aperture stops on the quality of images, such as blur and aberrations, depth of field and depth of focus, will also be studied.
2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of mirrors and lenses. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the basic properties of the images formed on the retina by the optics of the eye.
3) Text book:
Tunnacliffe A. H, Hirst J. G, Optics, The association of British Dispensing Opticians, London, U.K., 1990.
Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
4) Reference Books:
Loshin D. S. The Geometric Optics Workbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, USA, 1991.
Schwartz S. H. Geometrical and Visual Optics: A Clinical Introduction, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 2002.
5)Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.
6)Course outline:
1
Cylindrical Lenses; image formation; relation between cylinder axis and line image orientation
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems, MCQs
2
Imaging due to two cylinders in contact with axes parallel
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems, MCQs
3
Two cylinders in contact with axes perpendicular; line images and their orientations to the cylinders’ powers; interval of Sturm; circle of least confusion (CLC); spherical equivalent; position of CLC
6
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems, MCQs; conceptual questions
4
Spherical lens and a cylindrical lens in contact; spherical equivalent; interval of Sturm and CLC
2
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems, MCQs; conceptual questions
5
Spherocylindrical lens notations – plus/minus cylinder form, cross cylinder/meridian form; transformations between them
3
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems, conceptual questions
6
Field stops and apertures; entrance and exit pupils
1
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
7
Apertures and defocus blur
1
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
8
Receiver/detector diameter; depth of focus; depth of field
1
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; conceptual questions
9
Chromatic Aberrations; methods of removing chromatic aberrations; Abbe number
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual questions
10
Monochromatic Aberrations – deviation from paraxial approximation; difference between ray aberrations and wavefront aberrations
2
Lectures
Problems; conceptual questions
11
Third order aberrations – spherical aberrations; coma; astigmatism; distortion and curvature of fields
2
Lectures
Conceptual questions
12
Ways of minimizing spherical aberrations – pupil size, bending of lens, shape factor
2
Lectures
Conceptual questions
13
Lens tilt – astigmatism
1
Lectures
Problems; conceptual questions
14
Higher order aberrations; introduction to Zernike Polynomials
1
Lectures
Conceptual questions
15
Telescopes – Keplerian, Galilean and Newtonian; position of cardinal points, entrance and exit pupils; magnifications; advantages and disadvantages
4
Lectures; Student Presentation
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions
16
Microscopes – magnification; tube length.
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions
17
Gullstrand’s Schematic Eye (GSE); calculation of the power of the cornea, the lens and the eye; axial length; calculation of the position of the cardinal points; magnification
2
Lectures; Student Presentation; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions
18
GSE - Purkinje images and their reflectances
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
19
GSE - entrance and exit pupils for a 3mm pupil; ocular aberrations – spherical aberrations and coma; chromatic aberrations.
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
20
GSE – introduction to refractive errors - myopia and hyperopia; corneal curvature; axial length; far point; blur size calculations; corrections; astigmatism; blur size; circle of least confusion; correction.
4
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
21
GSE - Object closer than at infinity; introduction to accommodation; far point; near point; presbyopia; spectacle and contact Lens corrections - comparison of magnification
3
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
Total number of Lectures
45
7)Reading Assignment: Faculty needs to decide.
8) Practical: (20 hours)
Each practical session could be evaluated for 10 marks and the total could be added to the final evaluations. These practical’s could be customized as per the university requirements and spaced apart conveniently. The practical’s to be done include the following:
Thick Prism – determination of prism angle and dispersive power; calculation of the refractive index
Thin Prism – measurement of deviation; calculation of the prism diopter
Image formation by spherical mirrors
Convex lens - power determination using lens gauge, power determination using distant object method; power determination using the vergence formula
Concave lens – in combination with a convex lens – power determination.
Construction of a tabletop telescope – all three types of telescopes.
Construction of a tabletop microscope
Imaging by a cylindrical lens – relationship between cylinder axis and image orientation
Imaging by two cylinders in contact – determination of the position of CLC; verification of CLC using a spherical lens with power equal to the spherical equivalent; orientations and position of the line images and their relation to the cylinders’ powers and orientations
Imaging by a spherocylindrical lens – sphere and cylinder in contact – determination of the position of CLC; verification of CLC using a spherical lens with power equal to the spherical equivalent; orientations and position of the line images and their relation to the cylinder’s power and orientation
9) Evaluation pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS:
The course curriculum is structured such that there is a smooth flow of ideas from the easy to the difficult. However, there is one deviation from this ideal. Concepts of thick lenses are dealt with before moving on to thin lenses. Since the human eye and most of its visual aids are thick lenses in nature, we have decided to emphasize on thick lenses and deal thin lenses only as a simplification of thick lens. Universally, thin lenses are taught first before moving on to thick lenses. Therefore, we leave it to the instructors to make a choice of which one of these to teach first.
Nodal planes are not taught along with the other cardinal planes. This is because, unless the students get a clear understanding of angular magnification, it is difficult to teach them nodal planes. However, we leave it to the instructor to do it the way given in this curriculum or teach all the six cardinal planes at one go.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Physical Optics
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines.
OR
An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D
OR
An optometrist with an undergraduate degree.
1) Course Description: This course will be taught in one semester. Physical Optics is the study of light, its properties and its interaction with matter. Specifically, the phenomena of interference, diffraction, polarization and scattering will be dealt with in detail.
2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of properties of light. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the distribution of light under various conditions.
3) Text Book: Subrahmanyan N, Brij Lal, A text book of Optics, S. Chand Co Ltd, New Delhi, India, 2003.
4) Reference Books:
Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
Keating NM. P, Geometric, Physical and Visual Optics, Butterworth- Heinemann, Massachusetts, USA, 2002.
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.
8)Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Nature of light – light as electromagnetic oscillation – wave equation; ideas of sinusoidal oscillations – simple harmonic oscillation; transverse nature of oscillation; concepts of frequency, wavelength, amplitude and phase.
7
Lectures; Sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
2
Sources of light; Electromagnetic Spectrum.
1
Lectures; Sample problems
Conceptual MCQs
3
Polarized light; linearly polarized light; and circularly polarized light.
1
Lectures
Conceptual MCQs
4
Intensity of polarized light; Malus’ Law; polarizers and analyzers; Methods of producing polarized light; Brewster’s angle.
2
Lectures; Sample problems
Conceptual MCQ-s; problems
5
Birefringence; ordinary and extraordinary rays.
2
Lectures; Assignments
MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions
6
Relationship between amplitude and intensity.
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs
7
Coherence; interference; constructive interference, destructive interference; fringes; fringe width.
2
Lectures; Assignments; sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
8
Double slits, multiple slits, gratings.
2
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems; conceptual MCQs
9
Diffraction; diffraction by a circular aperture; Airy’s disc
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
10
Resolution of an instrument (telescope, for example); Raleigh’s criterion
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
MCQs; Problems
11
Scattering; Raleigh’s scattering; Tyndall effect.
2
Lectures
Conceptual questions
12
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
1
Lectures
Conceptual questions
13
Basics of Lasers – coherence; population inversion; spontaneous emission; Einstein’s theory of lasers.
5
Lectures; Student presentation
Conceptual MCQs.
14
Radiometry; solid angle; radiometric units; photopic and scotopic luminous efficiency and efficacy curves; photometric units
4
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
15
Inverse square law of photometry; Lambert’s law.
2
Lectures; sample problems
Problems, MCQs
16
Other units of light measurement; retinal illumination; Trolands
1
Lectures; sample problems
MCQs
Total number of Lectures
37
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide
8) Practicals:
Each practical session could be evaluated for 10 marks and the total could be added to the final evaluations. These practical could be customized as per the university requirements and spaced apart conveniently. The practical to be done include the following:
Gratings – determination of grating constant using Sodium vapour lamp; determination of wavelengths of light from Mercury vapour lamp
Circular Apertures – measurements of Airy’s disc for apertures of various sizes
Verification of Malus’ Law using a polarizer – analyzer combination
Demonstration of birefringence using Calcite crystals
Measurement of the resolving power of telescopes.
Newton’s rings
Demonstration of fluorescence and phosphorescence using crystals and paints
9) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - THIRD SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (2008-2009)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Microbiology
Instructor In Charge : Microbiologist (PG/ PhD)
1)Course Description: This course covers the basic biological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of pathogenic organisms.
2)Course Objectives: The objectives of the course are:
to prepare the students to gain essential knowledge about the characteristics of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites;
to acquire knowledge of the principles of sterilisation and disinfection in hospital and ophthalmic practice;
to understand the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by the organisms in the human body with particular reference to the eye infections and
to understand basic principles of diagnostic ocular Microbiology.
3)Text books:
BURTON G.R.W: Microbiology for the Health Sciences, third edition, J.P. Lippincott Co., St. Louis, 1988.
M J Pelczar (Jr),ECS Chan, NR Krieg : Microbiology ,fifth edition, TATA McGRAW-HILL Publisher, New Delhi,1993
4) Reference Books:
KJ Ryan, CG Ray: Sherris Medical Microbiology- An Introduction to infectious Diseases, fourth edition, McGRAW HiLL Publisher, NewDelhi, 1994 MACKIE & McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology
SYDNEY M. FINEGOLD & ELLEN JO BARON: Diagnostic Microbiology (DM)
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary Biology
6. Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
1
Introduction to Microbiology
1
2
Types of Microorganisms
2
3
Physiology of Microorganisms – Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism and energy, Microbial Growth
2
4
Sterilization and disinfection in the laboratory
1
5
Control of Microbial Growth – Antimicrobial methods and Chemotherapy
2
6
Microbes versus Humans- The development of Infection, the disease process, pathogenicity and virulence
2
7
Ocular Bacteriology - Gram positive,(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphlococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, propionibacterium, actinomyces,Nocardia) Bacteria including acid fast bacilli ( Myobacterium tuberculosis, Myobacterium leprae)
1
8
Ocular Bacteriology - Gram negative Bacteria (pseudomonas,haemophiilus,Brucella,Neisseria,Moraxella)
1
9
Spirochetes (Treponema, Leptospiraceae)
1
10
Virology: Classification of Viruses in Ocular Disease, Rubella, Adenovirus, Oncogenic Viruses (HPV, HBV, EBV, Retroviruses), HIV.
2
11
Fungi : Yeasts, Filamentous, Dimorphic
1
12
Intracellular parasites - Chlamydia, Protozoa (Taxoplasmosis, Acanthamoeba,)
1
13
Helminths ( Toxocariasis, Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, Trematodes)
1
TOTAL NO. OF LECTURES
18
7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8) Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Recommendation: Faculty can send the students to Microbiology lab for observation. This will enable the student to understand the microbiology concept better
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 – 200 )
COURSE HANDOUT
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Optometric Optics I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (undergraduate or Diploma holder in optometry with adequate experience in optical industry)
CO-INSTRUCTORS : Optometrists (undergraduate)
1) Course Description: This course deals with understanding the theory behind spectacle lenses and frames, their materials, types, advantages and disadvantages, calculations involved, when and how to prescribe. It will impart construction, design application and development of lenses, particularly of the methods of calculating their power and effect.
2) Course Objectives: Skills/knowledge to be acquired at the end of this course:
Measurement of lens power , lens centration using conventional techniques
Transposition of various types of lenses
Knowledge to identify different forms of lenses (equi- convex, planoconvex, periscopic, etc.)
Knowledge to select the tool power for grinding process.
Measurement of surface powers using lens measure.
Method of laying off the lens for glazing process.
Ophthalmic prism knowledge – effects, units, base-apex notation, compounding and resolving prisms.
Knowledge of prism and decentration in ophthalmic lenses
Knowledge of different types of materials used to make lenses and its characteristics
Knowledge lens designs – single vision, bifocals, progressive lens
Knowledge on tinted and protective lenses
Knowledge on special lenses like iseikonic, spectacle magnifiers.
Knowledge on spectacle frames – manufacture, materials
3) Text Books: Jalie M: The principles of Ophthalmic Lenses, The Association of Dispensing Opticians, London, 1972
4) Reference Books:
David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999
C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996
5) Pre-requisites: Physical Optics, Geometrical Optics
6) Course Outline:
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1
Introduction – Light, Mirror, Reflection, Refraction and Absorption
1
Theory + Home assignment
Assignment evaluation
2
Prisms – Definition, properties, Refraction through prisms, Thickness difference, Base-apex notation, uses, nomenclature and units, Sign Conventions, Fresnel’s prisms, rotary prims
4
Theory
Written + Viva
3
Lenses – Definition, units, terminology used to describe, form of lenses
2
Theory
Witten + Practicals + Viva
4
Vertex distance and vertex power, Effectivity calculations
2
Theory + Home assignements
Written
5
Lens shape, size and types i.e. spherical, cylindrical and Sphero-cylindrical
1
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
6
Transpositions – Simple, Toric and Spherical equivalent
1
Theory + Home assignements
Written
7
Prismatic effect, centration, decent ration and Prentice rule, Prismatic effect of Plano-cylinder and Sphero-cylinder lenses
4
Theory + Practicals + Home assignements
Written + Viva
8
Spherometer & Sag formula, Edge thickness calculations
3
Theory + Practicals + Home assignements
Written + Viva
9
Magnification in high plus lenses, Minification in high minus lenses
1
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
10
Tilt induced power in spectacles
1
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
11
Aberration in Ophthalmic Lenses
1
Theory
Written + Viva
Total Hours
21
Recommendation – to give extensive home assignments for all calculations
7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8) Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
Second Year - THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Visual Optics I
INSTRUCTOR IN-CHARGE : Optometrist with B.Optom
1) Course Description: This course deals with the concept of eye as an optical instrument and thereby covers various optical components of eye, types of refractive errors, clinical approach in diagnosis and management of various types of refractive errors.
2) Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able:
to understand the fundamentals of optical components of the eye
to gain theoretical knowledge and practical skill on visual acuity measurement, objective and subjective clinical refraction.
3) Text books:
A H Tunnacliffe: Visual optics, The Association of British Optician, 1987
AG Bennett & RB Rabbets: Clinical Visual optics, 3rd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, 1998
4) Reference Books:
M P Keating: Geometric, Physical and Visual optics, 2nd edition, Butterworth- Heinemann, USA, 2002
HL Rubin: Optics for clinicians, 2nd edition, Triad publishing company. Florida, 1974.
H Obstfeld: Optic in Vision- Foundations of visual optics & associated computations, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1982.
WJ Benjamin: Borish’s clinical refraction,2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA,2006
T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry,4th edition, Butterworth – heinneman,USA,2002
5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Physical optics, Ocular Physiology
6) Course Outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1. REVIEW OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
VERGENCE AND POWER:
1.1 Conjugacy, object space and image space
1.2Sign convention
1.3Spherical refracting surface
1.4Spherical mirror; catoptric power
1.5Cardinal points
1.6Magnification
1.7Light and visual function
Clinical Relevance of: Fluorescence, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Bi-refringence, Dichroism
1.9 Aberration and application
Spherical and Chromatic
4 hours
Lectures and seminars by students
MCQs
2.OPTICS OF OCULAR STRUCTURE
2.1 Cornea and aqueous
2.2 Crystalline lens
2.3 Vitreous
2.3Schematic and reduced eye
2 hours
Lectures
MCQs
3.MEASUREMENTS OF OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF THE EYE
3.1 Corneal curvature and thickness
3.2 Keratometry
3.3 Curvature of the lens and ophthalmophakometry
3.4 Axial and axis of the eye
3.5 Basic Aspects of Vision.
Visual Acuity
Light and Dark Adaptation
Color Vision
Spatial and Temporal Resolution
Science of Measuring visual performance and Application to Clinical Optometry
8 hours
Lectures
Written and MCQs
4. REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES AND THEIR CAUSES
4.1 Etiology of refractive anomalies
4.2 Contributing variability and their ranges
4.3 Populating distributions of anomalies.
4.4 Optical component measurements
4.5 Growth of the eye in relation to refractive errors
6 hours
Lectures
Written, MCQs, assignments
Total hours
20 hours
7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8) Evaluation Schedule:-
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
Second Year - THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Optometric Instruments
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist
GUEST LECTURE : by a Bioengineer, preferably from one of the companies who make and services ophthalmic instruments like Lensometers, Keratometers etc.
1) Course Description: This course covers commonly used optometric instruments, its basic principle, description and usage in clinical practice.
2) Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to gain theoretical knowledge and basic practical skill in handling the following instruments:
Visual Acuity chart/drum
Retinoscope
Trail Box
Jackson Cross cylinder
Direct ophthalmoscope
Slit lamp Biomicroscope
Slit lamp Ophthalmoscopy ( +90, 78 D)
Gonioscope
Tonometer: Applanation Tonometer
Keratometer
Perimeter
Electrodiagnostic instrument (ERG, VEP, EOG)
A – Scan Ultrasound
Lensometer
3) Text books: David Henson: Optometric Instrumentations, Butterworth- Heinnemann, UK, 1991
4) Reference books:
P R Yoder: Mounting Optics in Optical Instruments, SPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation, 2002
G Smith, D A. Atchison: The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments, Cambridge University Press, 1997
5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics
6) Course Outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1.Refractive instruments
Optotypes and MTF, Spatial Frequency
Test charts standards.
Choice of test charts
Trial case lenses
Refractor (phoropter) head units
Optical considerations of refractor units
Trial frame design
Near vision difficulties with units and trial frames
Retinoscope – types available
Adjustment of Retinoscopes- special features
Objective optometers.
Infrared optometer devices.
Projection charts
Illumination of the consulting room.
Brightness acuity test
Vision analyzer
Pupilometer
Potential Acuity Meter
Abberometer
12
Lectures
MCQs
2.OPHTHALMOSCOPES AND RELATED DEVICES
Design of ophthalmoscopes - illumination
Design of ophthalmoscopes- viewing
Ophthalmoscope disc
Filters for ophthalmoscopy
Indirect ophthalmoscope
3 hours
Lectures with practical demonstration
Written and assignments
3. Lensometer,Lens gauges or clock
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
4.Slit Lamp
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
5.Tonometers
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
6.Keratometer and corneal topography
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
7.Refractometer
1 hour
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
8.Orthoptic Instruments
(Synaptophore Only)
1 hour
Lecture
Written
9.Color Vision Testing Devices
1 hour
Lectures
Written
10.Fields Of Vision And Screening Devices
2 hours
Lectures
Written
11.Scans
1 hour
Lectures
Written
12.ERG
1 hour
Lectures
MCQs
13.New Instruments
2 hours
Lectures
MCQs
Total no. hrs
32 hours
7) Reading Assignment: Latest informations on optometry instruments available in the literatures can be given as reading assignment. The topics can be decided by the faculty.
8) Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam And practical
EC - III
1 hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam and Practical
Note: Demonstration of the instruments parts and how it works will definitely add value to the course.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Diseases I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Ophthalmologist
CO – INSTRUCTORS : Optometrist (Minimum UG in Optometry)
2)Course Description: This course deals with various ocular diseases affecting various parts of the eyes. It covers clinical signs and symptoms, cause, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis and management aspects of the ocular diseases.
3)Course Objective: At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects of ocular diseases: knowledge
on the etiology,
epidemiology,
symptoms,
signs,
course sequelae of ocular disease,
diagnostic approach, and
management of the ocular diseases.
4) Text books:
A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007
5)Reference Books:
Stephen J. Miller : Parsons Diseases of the Eye, 18th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1990
Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach, 6th edition, Butterworth - Heinemann, 2007
6)Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy and Ocular Physiology, Ocular Biochemistry
and Microbiology, Pharmacology
7) Course outline:
S. No.
Topics
No. of
Lectures
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
a)ORBIT
Applied Anatomy
Proptosis
Classification,Causes,Investigations)
Enophthalmos
Developmental Anomalies
( craniosynostosis, Craniofacial Dysostosis, Hypertelorism, Median facial cleft syndrome)
Orbital Inflammations (Preseptal cellulites, Orbital cellulitis Orbital Periostitis, cavernous sinus Thrombosis)
Grave’s Ophthalmopathy
Orbital tumors( Dermoids, capillary haemangioma, Optic nerve glioma)
Orbital blowout fractures
Orbital surgery (Orbitotomy)
Orbital tumors
Orbital trauma
Approach to a patient with proptosis
10
Lectures
Written
2
b) LIDS
Applied Anatomy
Congenital anomalies
( Ptosis, Coloboma, Epicanthus, Distichiasis, Cryptophthalmos)
3.Oedema of the eyelids
(Inflammatory, Solid, Passive edema)
Inflammatory disorders (Blepharitis, External Hordeolum, Chalazion,
Internal hordeolum,,Molluscum Contagiosum)
Anomalies in the position of the lashes and Lid Margin (Trichiasis, Ectropion, Entropion, Symblepharon, Blepharophimosis, Lagophthalmos, Blepharospasm, Ptosis).
Tumors (Papillomas, Xanthelasma, Haemangioma, Basal carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland melanoma)
6
Lecture
Written
3
c) LACRIMAL SYSTEM
Applied Anatomy
Tear Film
The Dry Eye ( Sjogren’s Syndrome)
The watering eye ( Etiology, clinical evaluation)
Dacryocystitis
Swelling of the Lacrimal gland ( Dacryoadenitis)
4
Lecture
Written
4
d) CONJUNCTIVA
Applied Anatomy
Inflammations of conjunctiva ( Infective conjunctivitis – bacterial, chlamydial, viral , Allergic conjunctivitis, Granulomatous conjunctivitis)
Degenerative conditions
( Pinguecula, Pterygium, Concretions)
Symptomatic conditions
( Hyperaemia, Chemosis, Ecchymosis, Xerosis, Discoloration)
5.Cysts and Tumors
4
Lecture
Written
5
e)CORNEA
Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Congenital Anomalies
(Megalocornea, Microcornea, Cornea plana, Congenital cloudy cornea)
Inflammations of the cornea (Topographical classifications: Ulcerative keratitis and Non ulcerative
Etiological classifications: Infective, Allergic, Trophic, Traumatic, Idiopathic)
Degenerations ( classifications, Arcus senilis, Vogt’s white limbal girdle, Hassal-henle bodies, Lipoid Keratopathy, Band shaped keratopathy, Salzmann’s nodular degeneration, Droplet keratopathy, Pellucid Marginal degeneration)
Dystrophies ( Reis Buckler dystrophy,Recurrent corneal erosion syndrome, Granualr dystrophy,Lattice dystrophy, Macular dystrophy, cornea guttata, Fuch’s epithelial endothelial dystrophy, Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy)
Keratoconus, Keratoglobus
Corneal oedema, Corneal opacity, Corneal vascularisation
Penetrating Keratoplasty
12
Lecture
Written
6
f)UVEAL TRACT AND SCLERA
Applied Anatomy,
Classification of uveitis
Etiology
Pathology
Anterior Uveitis
Posterior Uveitis
Purulent Uveitis
Endophthalmitis
Panophthalmitis
Pars Planitis
Tumors of uveal tract( Melanoma)
Episcleritis and scleritis
Clinical examination of Uveitis and Scleritis
10
Lecture
Written
Total
46
8)Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
9)Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - THIRD SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (20xx-20yy )
COURSE NO :
SUBJECT TITLE : Clinical Examination of the Visual System
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist (Minimum BS/B.Op t/ B.Sc optometry)
1) Course Description: This course covers various clinical optometry procedures involving external examination, anterior segment and posterior segment examination, neuroophthalmic examination, pediatric optometry examination, and Glaucoma evaluation.
2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course the students will be skilled in knowing the purpose, set-up and devices required for the test, indications and contraindications of the test, step-by-step procedures, documentation of the findings, and interpretation of the findings of the various clinical optometry procedures.
3) Text books:
T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry, 5th edition, Butterworth – Heinneman, USA, 2007.
4) Reference Books:
A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007
D B. Elliott :Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care,3rd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007
Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach,6th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007
J.B Eskridge, J F. Amos, J D. Bartlett: Clinical Procedures in Optometry, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,1991
N B. Carlson , Dl Kurtz: Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination ,3rd edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2003
5) Prerequisites:
6) Course Outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
History taking,
4
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Visual acuity estimation
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Extraocular motility, Cover teat, Alternating cover test
2
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Hirschberg test, Modified Krimsky,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Pupils Examination
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Maddox Rod,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
van Herrick,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
External examination of the eye, Lid Eversion
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Schirmer’s, TBUT, tear meniscus level, NITBUT (keratometer),
2
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Color Vision
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Stereopsis,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Confrontation test,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Photostress test,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Slitlamp biomicroscopy,
3
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Direct Ophthalmoscopy,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Digital pressure, Schiotz Tonometry, Applanation Tonometry
Gonioscopy
3
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
ROPLAS
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Amsler test,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Corneal Sensitivity, HVID
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Saccades and Pursuits
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Total no. hours
29
7)Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals: Hands–on of all the procedure taught are given as practical (total hours allotted: 40 hours)
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Optometric Optics II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (undergraduate or Diploma holder in optometry with adequate experience in optical industry)
CO-INSTRUCTORS : Optometrists (undergraduate)
1) Course Description: This course deals with understanding the theory behind spectacle lenses and frames, their materials, types, advantages and disadvantages, calculations involved, when and how to prescribe. It will impart construction, design application and development of lenses, particularly of the methods of calculating their power and effect.
2) Course Objectives: Skills/knowledge to be acquired at the end of this course:
Measurement of lens power , lens centration using conventional techniques
Transposition of various types of lenses
Knowledge to identify different forms of lenses (equi- convex, planoconvex, periscopic, etc.)
Knowledge to select the tool power for grinding process.
Measurement of surface powers using lens measure.
Method of laying off the lens for glazing process.
Ophthalmic prism knowledge – effects, units, base-apex notation, compounding and resolving prisms.
Knowledge of prism and decentration in ophthalmic lenses
Knowledge of different types of materials used to make lenses and its characteristics
Knowledge lens designs – single vision, bifocals, progressive lens
Knowledge on tinted and protective lenses
Knowledge on special lenses like iseikonic, spectacle magnifiers.
Knowledge on spectacle frames – manufacture, materials
3) Text Books:
Jalie M: The principles of Ophthalmic Lenses, The Association of Dispensing Opticians, London, 1972
4) Reference Books:
David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999
C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996
5) Pre-requisites: Physical Optics, Geometrical Optics
6) Course Outline:
1. Optical Lenses
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Raw materials – History and General Outline, Manufacturing of Ophthalmic Blanks – Glass & Plastics, Terminology used in Lens Workshops, Surfacing process from Blanks to lenses
4
Theory + Lab visit OR Video presentation
Written + Viva
2
Definition & Materials (Glass, Plastics, Polycarbonate, Triology) types and Characteristics
4
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
3
Properties (Refractive index, specific gravity, UV cut off, impact resistance – include drop ball test, abbe value, Center thickness)
4
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
4
Best form of lenses & Safety standards for Ophthalmic lenses (FDA, ANSI, ISI, Others)
Home assignments
Assignment evaluation
5
Design of High Powered Lenses
Hi-index lenses, Calculation of Refractive index
2
Theory + Home assignments
Written
6
Bifocal designs, their manufacturing & uses (Kryptok, Univis D, Executive, Invisible, Occupational)
6
Theory + Lab visit+ case studies
Written + Viva
7
Progressive Addition Lenses, modified near vision lenses (designs, advantages, limitations)
3
Theory + Home assignments + case studies
Written + Viva
8
Lens enhancements (Scratch resistant coatings – spin/dip, Anti-reflection coating, UV coating, Hydrophobic coating, anti-static coating
4
Theory + Practicals + Lab visit + Home assignments
Written + Viva
9
Lens defects – Description and Detection
2
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
10
Glazing & edging (manual & automatic)
2
Demonstartion
Demonstration
11
Special lenses
Lenticulars
Aspherics
Fresnel lenses & Prisms
Aniseikonic lenses
Photochromics
Polaroids
Tinted lenses – Tints, filters
6
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
12
Project to ensure awareness on lens availability in Indian market
Project
Project evaluation
2. Spectacle Frames
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
History of Spectacles, manufacturing overview, Definition, parts & measurements
2
Theory + Demonstration
Written + Viva
2
Classification of frames – Materials (cover in detail), Colours and Temple position (advantages & disadvantages, where to use)
4
Theory + Demonstration
Written + Viva
3
Special purpose frames (sports, kids, reading)
1
Demonstration
Written + Viva
Recommendation – Lab visit and/or video presentations where recommended are important and to keep samples of all lenses & frames in the college
7) Reading Assignment: Latest informations on optometry optics available in the literatures can be given as reading assignment. This can be decided by the faculty.
8) Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam And practical
EC - III
1 hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam and Practical
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Visual Optics II
INSTRUCTOR IN-CHARGE : Optometrist with B.Optom
1. Course Description: This course deals with the concept of eye as an optical instrument and thereby covers various optical components of eye, types of refractive errors, clinical approach in diagnosis and management of various types of refractive errors.
2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able
to understand the fundamentals of optical components of the eye
to gain theoretical knowledge and practical skill on visual acuity measurement, objective and subjective clinical refraction.
3. Text books:
A H Tunnacliffe: Visual optics, The Association of British Optician, 1987
AG Bennett & RB Rabbets: Clinical Visual optics, 3rd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, 1998
4. Reference Books:
M P Keating: Geometric, Physical and Visual optics, 2nd edition, Butterworth- Heinemann, USA, 2002
HL Rubin: Optics for clinicians, 2nd edition, Triad publishing company. Florida, 1974.
H Obstfeld: Optic in Vision- Foundations of visual optics & associated computations, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1982.
WJ Benjamin: Borish’s clinical refraction,2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA,2006
T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry,4th edition, Butterworth – heinneman,USA,2002
5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Physical optics, Ocular Physiology
6) Course outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1.Refractive conditions
Emmetropia
Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Accommodation
Presbyopia
Anisometropia and Aniseikonia
Aphakia and Pseudophakia
9 hours
Lectures
MCQs
2.Accommodation
Far and near points of accommodation
Correction of spherical ametropia
Axial versus refractive ametropia
Relationship between accommodation and convergence, AC / A ratio
6 hours
Lectures and seminars
MCQs and written
3.Objective refraction
Streak Retinoscopy only
3 Hours
Lectures and practicals
Practical and Viva
4.Subjective Refraction
Review of subjective refractive methods
Cross cylinder methods for astigmatism, Astigmatic Fan Test
Difficulties in subjective and objective tests and their avoidance
Ocular refraction versus spectacle refraction
Ocular accommodation versus spectacle accommodation
Spectacle magnification and relative spectacle magnification
Retinal image blur; depth of focus and depth of field
Prescribing Prisms / Binocular Refraction
9 hours
Lectures and practicals
Written and practicals
Total no. of hours
27 hours
7. Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide
8. Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals: Hand-on clinical refraction procedure – retinoscopy, keratometry, and subjective refraction will be taught.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Disease - II
INSTRUCTOR IN- CHARGE : Ophthalmologist
CO – INSTRUCTORS : Optometrist (Minimum UG in Optometry)
1. Course Description: This course deals with various ocular diseases affecting various parts of the eyes. It covers clinical signs and symptoms, cause, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis and management aspects of the ocular diseases.
2. Course Objective: At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects of ocular diseases: knowledge
on the etiology,
epidemiology,
symptoms,
signs,
course sequelae of ocular disease,
diagnostic approach, and
management of the ocular diseases.
3. Text books:
A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007
4. Refernce Books:
Stephen J. Miller : Parsons Diseases of the Eye, 18th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1990
Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach, 6th edition,
Butterworth- Heinemann, 2007
5. Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy and Ocular Physiology, Ocular Biochemistry
and Microbiology, Pharmacology
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
Mode of
Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Retina and Vitreous:
Applied Anatomy
Congenital and Developmental Disorders ( Optic Disc: Coloboma, Drusen, Hypoplasia, Medullated nerve fibers; Persistent Hyaloid Artery)
Inflammatory disorders ( Retinitis : Acute purulent , Bacterial, Virus, mycotic)
Retinal Vasculitis ( Eales’s)
Retinal Artery Occlusion ( Central retinal Artery occlusion)
Retinal Vein occlusion ( Ischaemic, Non Ischaemic , Branch retinal vein occlusion)
Retinal degenerations : Retinitis Pigmentosa, Lattice degenerations
Macular disorders: Solar retinopathy, central serous retinopathy, cystoid macular edema, Age related macular degeneration.
Retinal Detachement: Rhegmatogenous, Tractional, Exudative)
Retinablastoma
12
Lecture
Written
2
Ocular Injuries:
Terminology : Closed globe injury ( contusion, lamellar laceration) Open globe injury ( rupture, laceration, penetrating injury, peforating injury)
Mechanical injuries ( Extraocular foreign body, blunt trauma, perforating injury, sympathetic ophthalmitis)
Non Mechanical Injuries ( Chemical injuries, Thermal, Electrical, Radiational)
Clinical approach towards ocular injury patients
4
Lecture
Written
3
Lens
Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Clinical examination
Classification of cataract
Congenital and Developmental cataract
Acquired ( Senile, Traumatic, Complicated, Metabolic, Electric, Radiational, Toxic)
Morphological: Capsular, Subcapsular, Cortical, Supranuclear, Nuclear, Polar.
Management of cataract ( Non surgical and surgical measures; preoperative evaluation, Types of surgeries,)
Complications of cataract surgery
Displacement of lens: Subluxation, Displacement
Lens coloboma, Lenticonus, Microsperophakia.
10
Lecture
Written
4
Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology
Anatomy of visual pathway
Lesions of the visual pathway
Pupillary reflexes and abnormalities
(Amaurotic light reflex, Efferent pathway defect, Wernicke’s hemianopic pupil, Marcus gunn pupil. Argyll Robetson pupil, Adie’s tonic pupil)
Optic neuritis, Anterior Ischemic optic neuropathy, Pappilloedema, optic atrophy
Cortical blindness
Malingering
Nystagmus
Clinical examination
12
Lecture
Written
5
Glaucoma
Applied anatomy and physiology of anterior segment
Clinical Examination
Definitions and classification of glaucoma
Pathogenesis of glaucomatous ocular damage
Congenital glaucomas
Primary open angle glaucoma
Ocular hypertension
Normal Tension Glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma ( Primary angle closure suspect, Intermittent glaucoma, acute congestive, chronic angle closure)
Secondary Glaucomas
Management : common medications, laser intervention and surgical techniques
10
Lecture
Written
Total hours
46
7. Reading Assignments: Faculty can decide on the topics. This will kindle interest among the students to refer books and journals.
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written
Exam
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
INSTRUCTOR-IN-CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Pharmacology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Pharmacologist with B Pharm/ M Pharm
CO-INSTRUCTOR : Ophthalmologist
1. Course Description: This course covers the actions, uses, adverse effects and mode of administration of drugs, especially related to eyes.
2. Course Objective: At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable in the following:
basic principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
commonly used ocular drugs, mechanism, indications, contraindications, drug dosage, and adverse effects.
3.Textbook:
K D TRIPATHI: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 5th edition, Jaypee, New Delhi, 2004
Ashok Garg: Manual of Ocular Therapeutics, Jaypee, NewDelhi, 1996
4. Reference Books:
T J Zimmerman, K S Kooner, M Sharir, R D Fechtner: Text Book of Ocular Pharmacology, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1997
5. Prerequisites: General Physiology, Biochemistry
6. Course Plan:
NO.
Topics
No of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Pharmacokinetics : Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
4
Lecture
Written
2
Pharmacodynamics : Drug Handling by the body – effect of drug and the relationship between drug concentration and response
2
Lecture
Written
3
Drug – Receptor interactions
1
Lecture
Written
4
Ocular Pharmacology : Drug Handling by cells and Tissues - Pharmacokinetics ,and Pharmacodynamics– specific to ocular – surface and intraocular conditions
2
Lecture
Written
5
Delivery methods of Ocular Medication: Residence in the Conjunctival sac, drug vehicles affect drug delivery, advanced ocular delivery systems
2
Lecture
Written
6
Reconstituting the tear film: Tear Substitutes
1
Lecture
Assignment
7
Ocular Drugs and the Autonomic Nervous system: Parasympathetic( antimuscaranic) and Sympathetic
2
Lecture
Assignment
8
Intraocular pressure Drugs
2
Lecture
Assignment
9
Eicosanoids : prostaglandins,thromboxaes and leukotrienes
2
Lecture
Written
10
Serotonin : Neurotransmitter;
Glucocorticoids, Immunosuppressive agents
2
Lecture
Written
11
Local Anaesthetics
2
Lecture
Written
12
Ocular Toxicity from systemic administration of Drugs
2
Lecture
Assignment
Total No. of lectures
24
7. Reading Assignment: (faculty has to decide on the relevant topics) This will motivate the students to refer many books and journals.
8. Evaluation Schedule:-
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (20XX-20YY )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Pathology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Pathologist
CO-INSTRUCTOR : Ophthalmologist
1)Course Description: This course describes basic aspects of disease processes with reference to specific entities relevant in optometry/ophthalmology.
2)Course Objective: At the end of the course students will acquire knowledge in the following aspects :
Inflammation and repair aspects.
Pathology of various eye parts and adnexa
3)Text books:
K S Ratnagar: Pathology of the eye & orbit, Jaypee brothers Medical
Publishers, 1997
4)Reference books:
CORTON KUMAR AND ROBINS: Pathological Basis of the
Disease, 7th Edition, Elsevier, newDelhi, 2004.
S R Lakhani Susan AD & Caroline JF: Basic Pathology: An introduction to
the mechanism of disease, 1993.
5)Prerequisites: Higher Secondary Biology, General and Ocular Anatomy, General and Ocular Physiology
6)Course plan:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
1
General Pathology : Principles
2
2
Pathophysiology of Ocular Angiogenesis
1
3
Ocular Infections
2
4
Pathology of cornea and Conjunctiva
2
4
Pathology of Uvea
1
5
Pathology of Glaucoma
1
6
Pathology of Retina
2
7
Pathology of retina in systemic disease/disorders
2
8
Pathology of eyelids and adnexa
1
9
Pathology of orbital space occupying lesions
1
10
Pathology of the optic nerve
1
11
Retinoblastoma
3
12
Pathology of Lens
1
Total
20
7. Reading Assignments: Faculty should make the student develop habit of referring books and journals. The topic of the assignments can be decided by the faculty.
8. Evaluation schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Note: Faculty are encouraged to show students various Histopathological slides
during the course for better understanding of the concepts.
INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Contact Lenses I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist
CO- INSTRUCTORS : CL Practitioner (Non Academic)
1. Course Description: The subject provides the student with suitable knowledge both in theoretical and practical aspects of Contact Lenses.
2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
Understand the basics of contact lenses
List the important properties of contact lenses
Finalise the CL design for various kinds patients
Recognize various types of fitting
Explain all the procedures to patient
Identify and manage the adverse effects of contact lens
3. Text books:
IACLE modules 1 - 10
CLAO Volumes 1, 2, 3
Anthony J. Phillips : Contact Lenses, 5th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006
Elisabeth A. W. Millis: Medical Contact Lens Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004
E S. Bennett ,V A Henry :Clinical manual of Contact Lenses, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008
4. Reference Books:
5. Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Visual optics, Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Biochemistry, Ocular Microbiology, Ocular Disease, Optometric Instruments
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of
Lecture(s)
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Introduction to Contact lenses
Definition
Classification / Types
1
Lecture
Written
2
History of Contact Lenses
1
Lecture
Written
3
Optics of Contact Lenses
Magnification & Visual field
Accommodation & Convergence
Back & Front Vertex Power / Vertex distance calculation
3
Lecture
Written
4
Review of Anatomy & Physiology of
Tear film
Cornea
Lids & Conjunctiva
2
Lecture
Written
5
Introduction to CL materials
Monomers, Polymers
2
Lecture
Written
6
Properties of CL materials
Physiological (Dk, Ionicity, Water content)
Physical (Elasticity, Tensile strength, Rigidity)
Optical (Transmission, Refractive index)
3
Lecture
Written
7
Indications and contraindications
2
Lecture
Written
8
Parameters / Designs of Contact Lenses & Terminology
3
Lecture
Written
9
RGP Contact Lens materials
1
Lecture
Written
10
Manufacturing Rigid and Soft Contact Lenses – various methods
1
Lecture & Industry lab visit
Written
11
Pre-Fitting examination – steps, significance, recording of results
3
Lecture &
Practical
Practical
12
Correction of Astigmatism with RGP lens
2
Lecture
Written
14
Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on spherical cornea with spherical lenses
1
Lecture &
Practical
Practical
15
Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on Toric cornea with spherical lenses
1
Lecture &
Practical
Practical
16
Calculation and finalising Contact lens parameters
1
Lecture
Written
17
Ordering Rigid Contact Lenses – writing a prescription to the Laboratory
1
Lecture
Written
18
Checking and verifying Contact lenses from Laboratory
1
19
Modifications possible with Rigid lenses
1
Lecture
Written
20
Common Handling Instructions
Insertion & Removal Techniques
Do’s and Dont’s
1
Lecture
Practical
21
Care and Maintenance of Rigid lenses
Cleaning agents & Importance
Rinsing agents & Importance
Disinfecting agents & importance
Lubricating & Enzymatic cleaners
3
Lecture
Written
22
Follow up visit examination
1
Lecture
Written
23
Complications of RGP lenses
2
Lecture
Written
Total No. of lectures
37
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : LOW VISION AIDS
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist with Low vision clinical experience
1.Course Description: This course deal with the definition of low vision, epidemiology aspect of visual impairment, types of low vision devices and its optical principles, clinical approach of the low vision patients, assistive devices for totally visually challenged, art of prescribing low vision devices and training the low vision patients and other rehabilitation measures.
2.Course Objectives: At the end of the course , the student will be knowledgeable in the following:
Definition and epidemiology of Low Vision
Clinical examination of Low vision subjects
Optical, Non-Optical, Electronic, and Assistive devices.
Training for Low Vision subjects with Low vision devices
Referrals and follow-up
3.Text books:
Christine Dickinson: Low Vision: Principles and Practice Low vision care, 4th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998
E Vaithilingam: practice of Low vision – A guide book, Medical Research
Foundation, 2000.
4.Reference Books:
Richard L. Brilliant: Essentials of Low Vision Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999
Helen Farral: optometric Management of Visual Handicap, Blackwell Scientific publications, 1991
A J Jackson, J S Wolffsohn: Low Vision Manual, Butterworth Heinnemann, 2007
5. Course Plan:
Topics
Number of lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
Definitions & classification of Low vision
1
Lecture
Written
Epidemiology of low vision
Model of low vision service
1
Lecture
Written
Pre-clinical evaluation of low vision patients – prognostic & psychological factors; psycho-social impact of low vision
1
Lecture
Written
Types of low vision aids – optical aids, non-optical aids & electronic devices
3
Lecture/Demonstration
Written
Optics of low vision aids
1
Lecture
Written
Clinical evaluation – assessment of visual acuity, visual field, selection of low vision aids, instruction & training
3
Lecture
Written
Pediatric Low Vision care
4
Lecture
Written
Low vision aids – dispensing & prescribing aspects
1
Lecture
Written
Visual rehabilitation & counseling
1
Lecture
Written
Legal aspects of Low vision in India
1
Lecture
Written
Case Analysis
5
Discussion
Viva- Voce
Total hours
21
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.)
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
Faculty Choice
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
20
Faculty
Choice
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9. Practical:
a) Practical 1:
Attending in low vision care clinic and history taking.
b)Practical 2:
Determining the type of telescope and its magnification (Direct comparison method & calculated method)
Determining the change in field of view with different magnification and different eye to lens distances with telescopes and magnifiers.
c)Practical 3:
Inducing visual impairment and prescribing magnification.
Determining reading speed with different types of low vision aids with same magnification.
Determining reading speed with a low vision aid of different magnifications.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Geriatric Optometry
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrists / Ophthalmologists
1.Course Description : This course deals with general and ocular physiological changes of ageing, common geriatric systemic and ocular diseases, clinical approach in geriatric patients, pharmacological aspects of ageing, and spectacle dispensing aspects in ageing patients.
2.Course Objectives:
The student on taking this course should
be able to identify, investigate the age related changes in the eyes.
be able to counsel the elderly
be able to dispense spectacles with proper instructions.
adequately gained knowledge on common ocular diseases.
3.Text Books:
A.J. ROSSENBLOOM Jr & M.W.MORGAN: Vision and Aging, Butterworth-Heinemann, Missouri, 2007.
4.Reference Books:
OP Sharma: Geriatric Care – A textbook of geriatrics and Gerontology, viva books, New Delhi, 2005
VS Natarajan: An update on Geriatrics, Sakthi Pathipagam, Chennai, 1998
DE Rosenblatt, VS Natarajan: Primer on geriatric Care A clinical approach to the older patient, Printers Castle, Cochin, 2002
5. Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy, Physiology, Ocular Disease
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
Number of Lectures
Mode of
Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Structural , and morphological changes of eye in elderly
2
Lecture
Written
2
Physiological changes in eye in the course of aging.
2
Lecture
Seminar
3
Introduction to geriatric medicine – epidemiology , need for optometry care, systemic diseases (Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive Heart failure, Cerebrovascular disease, Diabetes, COPD)
3
Lecture
Written
4
Optometric Examination of the Older Adult
2
Lecture
Writing Assignment
5
Ocular diseases common in old eye, with special reference to cataract, glaucoma, macular disorders, vascular diseases of the eye
4
Lecture
Written
6
Contact lenses in elderly
1
Lecture
Written
7
Pharmacological aspects of aging
2
Lecture
Written
8
Low vision causes, management and rehabilitation in geriatrics.
4
Lecture
Written
9
Spectacle dispensing in elderly – Considerations of spectacle lenses and frames
4
Lecture
Written
Total Number of Lectures
25
7.Reading assignment: Latest journal reading on the aging issues. This can be decided by the faculty.
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
70
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Pediatric optometry
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrists / Ophthalmologists (preferable with pediatric clinical experience)
1.Course Description: This course is designed to provide the students adequate knowledge in theoretical and practical aspects of diagnosis, and management of eye conditions related to pediatric population. Also it will inculcate the skill of transferring/communicating the medical information to the attender /patient by the students. The scope of this subject is to train the optometrists to develop a systematic way of dealing with children below 12, so as to implement primary eye care and have better, specialized management of anomalies.
2.Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student is expected to :
have a knowledge of the principal theories of childhood development, and visual development
have the ability to take a thorough paediatric history which encompasses the relevant developmental, visual, medical and educational issues
be familiar with the accommodative-vergence system, the genesis of ametropia, the disorders of refraction, accommodation and vergence, and the assessment and management of these disorders
be familiar with the aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment of amblyopia, comitant strabismus and commonly presenting incomitant strabismus
have a knowledge of the epidemiology of eye disease in children, the assessment techniques available for examining visual function of children of all ages and an understanding varied management concepts of paediatric vision disorders
have knowledge of the art of dispensing contact lens, low vision aids and referral to the surgeon or other specialists at the appropriate timing.
have a capacity for highly evolved communication and co-management with other professionals involved in paediatric assessment and care
3.Text books :
Pediatric Optometry - JEROME ROSNER, Butterworth, London 1982
Paediatric Optometry – William Harvey/ Bernard Gilmartin, Butterworth –Heinemann, 2004
4. References:
Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility - VON NOORDEN G K Burian Von Noorden’s, 2nd Ed., C.V.Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1980.
Assessing Children's Vision. By Susan J Leat, Rosalyn H Shute, Carol A Westall.45 Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
Clinical pediatric optometry. LJ Press, BD Moore, Butterworth- Heinemann, 1993
5. Prerequisites:
6. Course Outline:
6. Reading Assignment: Faculty Decision:
7. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
70
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Binocular Vision I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Graduate Optometrist and/or Ophthalmologist
CO – INSTRUCTOR : Optometrist
1.Course Description:
This course provides theoretical aspects of Binocular Vision and its clinical application. It deals with basis of normal binocular vision and space perception, Gross anatomy and physiology of extrocular muscles, various binocular vision anomalies, its diagnostic approaches and management.
2. Course Objectives:
On successful completion of this module, a student will be expected to be able to:-
Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of the gross anatomy and physiology relating to the extroocular muscles.
Provide a detailed explanation of, and differentiate between the aetiology, investigation and management of binocular vision anomalies.
Adapt skills and interpret clinical results following investigation of binocular vision anomalies appropriately and safely.
3. Text Books:
Pradeep Sharma: Strabismus simplified, New Delhi, First edition, 1999, Modern publishers.
Fiona J. Rowe: Clinical Orthoptics, second edition, 2004, Blackwell Science Ltd
Gunter K. Von Noorden: BURIAN- VON NOORDEN’S Binocular vision and ocular motility theory and management of strabismus, Missouri, Second edition, 1980, C. V. Mosby Company
Mitchell Scheiman; Bruce Wick: Clinical Management of Binocular Vision Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders, 2008, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins publishers
4. Reference Books: Faculty choice
5. Pre-requisites: Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology
6. Course outline:
No.
Name of the topic
Number of lectures
Mode of teaching
Assessment
1.
Binocular Vision and Space perception.
Relative subjective visual direction.
Retino motor value
Grades of BSV
SMP and Cyclopean Eye
Correspondence,
Fusion, Diplopia, Retinal rivalry
Horopter
Physiological Diplopia and Suppression
Stereopsis, Panum’s area, BSV.
Stereopsis and monocular clues - significance.
Egocentric location, clinical applications.
Theories of Binocular vision.
6
Lecture and Demonstration
Written and practical
2.
Anatomy of Extra Ocular Muscles.
Rectii and Obliques, LPS.
Innervation & Blood Supply.
Physiology of Ocular movements.
Center of rotation, Axes of Fick.
Action of individual muscle.
Laws of ocular motility
Donder’s and Listing’s law
Sherrington’s law
Hering’s law
Uniocular & Binocular movements - fixation, saccadic & pursuits.
Version & Vergence.
Fixation & field of fixation
4
Lecture and Demonstration
Written and practical
3.
Near Vision Complex
Accommodation
Definition and mechanism (process).
Methods of measurement.
Stimulus and innervation.
Types of accommodation.
Anomalies of accommodation – aetiology and management.
3
Lecture and Demonstration
Practicals
Written and practical
4.
Convergence
Definition and mechanism.
Methods of measurement.
Types and components of convergence - Tonic, accommodative, fusional, proximal.
Anomalies of Convergence – aetiology and management.
5
Lecture and Demonstration
Practicals
Written and practical
5.
Sensory adaptations Confusion
1
Lecture
Written
6.
Suppression Investigations
Management Blind spot syndrome
4
Lecture
Practical
Written and Practical
7.
Abnormal Retinal Correspondence
Investigation and management
Blind spot syndrome
1
Lecture
Practical
Written and Practical
8.
Eccentric Fixation
Investigation and management
1
Lecture
Practical
Written
9.
Amblyopia Classification
Aeitiology Investigation Management
4
Lecture
Practical
Written and Practical
6. Reading Assignments: Faculty Choice
7. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - FIFTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Systemic Diseases
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Ophthalmologists/ General Physician
1. Course Description: This course deals with definition, classification, clinical diagnosis, complications, and management of various systemic diseases. In indicated cases ocular manifestations also will be discussed.
2. Course Objectives: At the end of the course, students should get acquainted with the following:
Common Systemic conditions: Definition, diagnostic approach, complications and management options
Ocular findings of the systemic conditions
First Aid knowledge
3. Text book:
1) C Haslett, E R Chilvers, N A boon, N R Coledge, J A A Hunter: Davidson's
Principles and Practice of Medicine, Ed. John Macleod, 19th Ed., ELBS/Churchill
Livingstone. (PPM), 2002
2) Basic and clinical Science course: Update on General Medicine, American
Academy of Ophthalmology, Section 1, 1999
4. Reference books:
5. Prerequisites: Ocular Disease, General Physiology and Anatomy, Ocular Physiology and Anatomy, Pharmacology
6. Course Outline:
No
Topics
Number of Lectures
Mode of
Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Hypertension
Definition, classification, Epidemiology, clinical examination, complications, and management.
Hypertensive retinopathy
4
Lecture
Written
2
Diabetes Mellitus
Classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management, Complications
Diabetic Retinopathy
4
Lecture
Seminar
3
Thyroid Disease
Physiology, testing for thyroid disease, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothroidism, Thyroiditis, Thyroid tumors
Grave’s Ophthalmopathy
4
Lecture
Seminar
3
Acquired Heart Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease, Congestive heart failure, Disorders of cardiac rhythm
Ophthalmic considerations
4
Lecture
Writing
Assignment
4
Cancer :
Incidence
Etiology
Therapy
Ophthalmologic considerations
4
Lecture
Writing Assignment
5
Connective Tissue Disease
Rheumatic arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Scleroderma
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Sjogren syndrome
Behcet’s syndrome
Eye and connective tissue disease
4
Lecture
Written
6
Tuberculosis
Aetiology, pathology, clinical features, pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosis, complications, treatment tuberculosis and the eye.
4
Lecture
Written
7
Herpes virus ( Herepes simplex, Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus)
Herpes and the eye
3
Lecture
Written
8
Hepatitis ( Hepatitis A, B, C)
2
Lecture
Written
9
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
4
Lecture
Written
10
Anemia ( Diagnosis, clinical evaluation, consequences, Sickle cell disease, treatment, Ophthalmologic considerations)
2
9
Common Tropical Medical Ailments
Malaria
Typhoid
Dengue
Filariases
Onchocerciasis
Cysticercosis
Leprosy
4
Lecture
Written
10
Nutritional and Metabolic disorders:
Obesity
Hyperlipidaemias
Kwashiorkor
Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin D Deficiency
Vitamin E Deficiency
Vitamin K Deficiency
Vitamin B1,B2, Deficiency
Vitamin C Deficiency
2
Lecture
Written
11
Myasthenia Gravis
2
Lecture
Written
12
First Aid
General Medical Emergencies
Preoperative precautions in ocular surgeries
4
Lecture/
Demonstration
Written
13
Psychiatry
Basic knowledge of psychiatric condition and
Patient Management
2
Lecture
Writing Assignment
14
Genetics
Introduction to genetics
Organisation of the cell
Chromosome structure and cell division
Gene structure and basic principles of Genetics.
Genetic disorders and their diagnosis.
Genes and the eye
Genetic counseling and genetic engineering.
4
Lecture
Writing Assignment
Total Number of Lectures
57
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.)
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
Faculty Choice
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
20
Faculty
Choice
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Contact Lenses II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist
CO- INSTRUCTORS : CL Practitioner (Non Academic)
1. Course Description: The subject provides the student with suitable knowledge both in theoretical and practical aspects of Contact Lenses.
2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
Understand the basics of contact lenses
List the important properties of contact lenses
Finalise the CL design for various kinds patients
Recognize various types of fitting
Explain all the procedures to patient
Identify and manage the adverse effects of contact lens
3. Text books:
IACLE modules 1 - 10
CLAO Volumes 1, 2, 3
Anthony J. Phillips : Contact Lenses, 5th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006
Elisabeth A. W. Millis: Medical Contact Lens Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004
E S. Bennett ,V A Henry :Clinical manual of Contact Lenses, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008
4. Reference Books:
5. Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Visual optics, Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Biochemistry, Ocular Microbiology, Ocular Disease, Optometric Instruments
6. Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of
Lecture(s)
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
SCL Materials & Review of manufacturing techniques
2
Lecture
Written
2
Comparison of RGP vs. SCL
1
Lecture
Written
3
Pre-fitting considerations for SCL
2
Lecture
Written
4
Fitting philosophies for SCL
1
Lecture
Written
5
SCL fitting assessment
2
Lecture
Written
6
Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum
3
Lecture
Written
7
Calculation and finalising SCL parameters
2
Lecture
Written
Disposable lenses
a)Advantages and availability
1
8
Soft Toric CL
Stabilization techniques
Parameter selection
Fitting assessment
2
Lecture
Written
9
Common Handling Instructions
Insertion & Removal Techniques
Do’s and Dont’s
1
Lecture
Written
10
Care and Maintenance of Soft lenses
Cleaning agents & Importance
Rinsing agents & Importance
Disinfecting agents & importance
Lubricating & Enzymatic cleaners
2
Lecture
Written
11
Follow up visit examination
2
Lecture
Written
12
Complications of Soft lenses
4
Lecture
Written
13
Therapeutic contact lenses
Indications
Fitting consideration
1
Lecture
Written
Specialty fitting
Aphakia
Pediatric
Post refractive surgery
3
Lecture
Written
14
Introduction to Bifocal CL
1
Lecture
Written
Total Number of lectures
30
7. Assignment: The student should consult all the manufacturers of RGP lenses and list down various products (Lenses, care products and accessories) available with them. Detailed parameters along with manufacturer recommendation should be noted. Also students will be encouraged to read books and journals and submit a report to the faculty. The topics of the same can be decided by the faculty.
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
Faculty Choice
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
20
Practicals
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practical: (50 hours)
Pre fitting evaluation
RGP CL insertion & Removal
Fitting assessment
Over refraction
Follow up examination
SCL insertion & Removal
Fitting assessment
Over refraction
Follow-up Examination
Toric contact lens fitting and assessment
Cosmetic contact lens fitting and assessment
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Binocular Vision II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Post Graduate/Graduate Optometrist
CO – INSTRUCTORS : Optometrist
1. Course Description: This course deals with understanding of strabismus, its classification, necessary orthoptic investigations, diagnosis and non surgical management. Along with theoretical knowledge it teaches the clinical aspects and application.
2. Course Objective: The objective of this course is to inculcate the student with the knowledge of different types of strabismus its etiology signs and symptoms, necessary investigations and also management. The student on completion of the course should be able to independently investigate and diagnose case of strabismus with comments in respect to retinal correspondence and binocular single vision. The student should be able to perform all the investigations to check retinal correspondence, state of Binocular Single Vision, angle of deviation and special investigations for paralytic strabismus.
3. Text Books:
Pradeep Sharma: Strabismus simplified, New Delhi, First edition, 1999, Modern publishers.
Fiona J. Rowe: Clinical Orthoptics, second edition, 2004, Blackwell Science Ltd
Gunter K. Von Noorden: BURIAN- VON NOORDEN’S Binocular vision and ocular motility theory and management of strabismus, Missouri, Second edition, 1980, C. V. Mosby Company
Mitchell Scheiman; Bruce Wick: Clinical Management of Binocular Vision Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders, 2008, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins publishers
4. Reference Books: Faculty Choice
5. Pre-requisites: Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Binocular Vision – I,
6. Course outline:
7. Reading Assignment: Faculty Choice
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Public Health and Community Optometry
INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE : Optometrist or Ophthalmologist with additional qualification Preferably Master of Community eye health /Diploma in Community eye health / Public Health Ophthalmology/ Optometrist with Higher degree/diploma in Community optometry
CO- INSTRUCTORS : Optometrists
1.Course Description: Introduction to the foundation and basic sciences of public health optometry with an emphasis on the epidemiology of vision problems especially focused on Indian scenario.
2.Course Objectives: At the end of the course students will be be knowledgeable in the following areas:
Community based eye care in India.
Prevalence of various eye diseases
Developing Information Education Communication materials on eye and vision care for the benefit of the public
Organize health education programmes in the community
Vision screening for various eye diseases in the community and for different age groups.
3.Text books:
GVS Murthy, S K Gupta, D Bachani: The principles and practice of community Ophthalmology, National programme for control of blindness, New Delhi, 2002
Newcomb RD, Jolley JL : Public Health and Community Optometry, Charles C Thomas Publisher, Illinois, 1980
K Park: Park’s Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, 19th edition,
Banarsidas Bhanot publishers, Jabalpur, 2007
4.Reference books:
MC Gupta, Mahajan BK, Murthy GVS, 3rd edition. Text Book of Community Medicine, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2002
5. Prerequisites: Ocular Disease, Visual optics, Optometric Instruments, Clinical
Examination of Visual System
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of
Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Public Health Optometry: Concepts and implementation
1
Lecture
Written
2
Dimensions, determinants and indicators of health
1
Lecture
Written
3
Levels of disease prevention and levels of health care patterns
1
Lecture
Written
4
Epidemiology of blindness – Defining blindness and visual impairment
1
Lecture
Written
5
Eye in primary health care
1
Lecture
Written
6
Contrasting between Clinical and community health programs
2
Lecture
Viva
7
Community Eye Care Programs
4
Field visit
Report writing
8
Community based rehabilitation programs
2
Field visit
Report writing
9
Nutritional Blindness with reference to Vitamin A deficiency
1
Lecture
Written
10
Vision 2020: The Right to Sight
3
Lecture
Written
11
Screening for eye diseases
4
Practical
Practical
12
National and International health agencies, NPCB
2
Lecture
Written
13
Role of an optometrist in Public Health
1
Lecture
Written
14
Organization and Management of Eye Care Programs – Service Delivery models
1
Lecture
Written
15
Health manpower and planning & Health Economics
1
Lecture
Written
16
Evaluation and assessment of health programmes
1
Field Visit
Report Writing
17
Optometrists role in school eye health programmes
1
Field Visit
Report Writing
18
Basics of Tele Optometry and its application in Public Health
2
Field Visit
Report Writing
19
Information, Education and Communication for Eye Care programs
1
Practical
Developing Public Health materials
Total Lectures
26
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be more from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.)
Example:
Community Eye Health J 2008; 21(66): 21-23
Community Eye Health J 2008; 21(66): 24-25
8) Evaluation schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC - I
20
EC - II
1 Hour
20
Written
Exam
EC - III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Dispensing Optics
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (with experience in dispensing optics)
CO-INSTRUCTORS : Practicing Optometrists with experience in Optical Dispensing & Optical Laboratory In-charge
1.Course Description: This course will deal with the dispensing aspects of spectacle lenses and frames needed to manage the customer in an Optical set up, from counseling to delivering the spectacles.
2.Course Objective: Skills to be acquired at the end of this course
Reading of spectacle prescription
Counseling the patient
Lens edge thickness calculation
Frame & lens measurements and selection
Writing spectacle lens order
Facial measurements - Interpupillary distance measurement and measuring heights (single vision, multifocal, progressives)
Lens verification and axis marking and fitting of all lens types
Final checking of finished spectacle with frame adjustments
Delivery and follow-up
Troubleshooting complaints and handling patient’s questions.
3.Text Book:
David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999
C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996
4.Reference Book:
David Wilson, Steve stenersen: Practical optical workshop, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 2002
Margaret Dowaliby: Practical Aspects of Ophthalmic optics, Fourth edition, Butterworth Heinemann, USA, 2001
5.Perquisites: Optometric optics I and II
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Components of spectacle prescription & interpretation, transposition, Add and near power relation
1
Theory
Written +
Viva
2
Frame selection – based on spectacle prescription, professional requirements, age group, face shape
4
Theory + Demonstration
Theory + Viva
3
Measuring Inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for distance & near, bifocal height
1
Demonstration + Practical
Viva
4
Lens & Frame markings, Pupillary centers, bifocal heights, Progressive markings & adjustments – facial wrap, pantoscopic tilt
1
Demonstration + Practical
Viva
5
Recording and ordering of lenses (power, add, diameter, base, material, type, lens enhancements)
1
Theory
Viva
6
Neutralization – Hand & lensometer, axis marking, prism marking
3
Demonstration + Practical
Viva
7
Faults in spectacles (lens fitting, frame fitting, patients complaints, description, detection and correction)
2
Theory + Demonstration
Theory + Viva
8
Final checking & dispensing of spectacles to customers, counseling on wearing & maintaining of spectacles, Accessories – Bands, chains, boxes, slevets, cleaners, screwdriver kit
2
Demonstration + Role plays
Theory + Viva
9
Spectacle repairs – tools, methods, soldering, riveting, frame adjustments
1
Demonstration + workshop visit
Viva
10
Special types of spectacle frames
Monocles
Ptosis crutches
Industrial safety glasses
Welding glasses
1
Demonstration
Viva
12
Frame availability in Indian market
Project
Project evaluation
13
FAQ’s by customers and their ideal answers
2
Role plays + Assignments
Viva
Total number of Hours
21
7. Reading Assignments: Make the students read on the pamphlets of different company products to keep abreast of knowledge.
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam And practical
EC - III
1 hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam and Practical
Recommendation – Keep samples of wrongly fitted lenses, misaligned frames and special frames. Keep frame repair kit (heater, screw driver, pliers etc.) in the college. Ask all students to carry a marker pen and PD ruler
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (2008 -2009)
COURSE HANDOUT
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Occupational Optometry
INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE : Occupational Medicine + Optometrist
1.Course Description : This course deals with general aspects of occupational health, Visual demand in various job, task analyzing method, visual standards for various jobs, occupational hazards and remedial aspects through classroom sessions and field visit to the factories.
2.Course Objectives : At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects :
in visual requirements of jobs;
in effects of physical, chemical and other hazards on eye and vision;
to identify occupational causes of visual and eye problems;
to be able to prescribe suitable corrective lenses and eye protective wear and
to set visual requirements, standards for different jobs.
3.Text Books:
R V North: Work and the eye, Second edition, Butterworth Heinnemann, 2001
4.Reference Books:
G W Good: Occupational Vision Manual available in the following website: www.aoa.org
N.A. Smith: Lighting for Occupational Optometry, HHSC Handbook Series, Safchem Services, 1999
J Anshel: Visual Ergonomics Handbook, CRC Press, 2005
G Carson, S Doshi, W Harvey: Eye Essentials: Environmental & Occupational Optometry, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008
5.Prerequisites :
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
1
Introduction to Occupational health, hygiene and safety, international bodies like ILO, WHO, National bodies etc
Acts and Rules - Factories Act, WCA,ESI Act.
2
2
Electromagnetic Radiation and its effects on Eye
2
3
Light – Definitions and units, Sources, advantages and disadvantages, standards
2
4
Color – Definition, Color theory, Color coding, Color defects, Color Vision tests
2
5
Occupational hazards and preventive/protective methods
2
5
Task Analysis
2
6
Industrial Vision Screening – Modified clinical method and Industrial Vision test
2
4
Vision Standards – Railways, Roadways, Airlines
2
5
Visual Display Units
2
6
Contact lens and work
2
TOTAL NO. OF LECTURES
20
7.Reading Assignments : Faculty can decide on the topics
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
70
Written Exam
Note: Faculty should encourage the students to go and observe various industries and get hands on doing task analysis for understanding visual demand of various jobs.
CLINICAL TRAINING FROM THE FIRST YEAR TO THE LAST
YEAR OF THE PROGRAMME
Other Essential Topics which can be covered during the Internship (fourth year)
Practice Management
Presentation Skills
Law and Optometry
Accountancy
Communication skills
Additional Information
Dated 18-08-2009
Dear Optometry Friends,
Greetings from members of Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum development team.
It is with utmost sincerity and dedication; we hereby would like to share the first draft of the Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum for India to you all.
It was on January 25th 2008, the team of like minded people came together at Elite School of Optometry, Chennai to initiate the much needed Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum for India. Since then every three months the team met in different places and brainstormed on the essential courses, objective, description, and course contents. Please give your open comments to the below contact person either through email/normal mailing/ telephone. You can also access the softcopy of the First draft of CMOC for India from Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry (ASCO) website.
Thanking you,
For CMOC Team
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Elite School of Optometry
8; GST Road, St Thomas Mount,
Chennai – 600 016
Email : ramani_kk@yahoo.co.in
Mobile: 098403 12791
LAN Phone: 044 – 2234 6023
Members of Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
1.Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Principal,
Elite School of Optometry
8, GST Road, St Thomas Mount,
Chennai – 600 016
Email : ramani_kk@yahoo.co.in
Mobile: 098403 12791
LAN Phone: 044 – 2234 6023
2.Mr. Aditya Goyal
In- Charge – Optometry programme
Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,
#1, 3rd cross street, Sri Sankara Nagar, Pammal,
Chennai – 600075
Email: adityagoyal@hotmail.com
Mobile: 09381053158
Land Phone: 044 22484799/5299
3.Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan
Assistant Professor
Elite School of Optometry
8, GST Road, St Thomas Mount,
Chennai – 600 016
Email : drlsv@snmail.org
LAN Phone: 044 – 2232 1835
4.Ms. Prema Chande
Principal,
Lotus College of Optometry
Mumbai
Email : premachande@hotmail.com
5.Prof. De Jong Coen
Bausch & Lomb School of Optometry
Kismatpur,
Hyderabad
6.Prof. Dipti Gogate
Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College
School of Optometry
Katraj- Dhanakawadi, Pune, Satara Road,
Pune – 411 043 BVP, Pune
Email :diptigogate@vsnl.net
Mobile: 09422504206
7.Ms. Kunda Ganatra
President
Indian Optometric Association
Mumbai
Email:rganatra@bom5.vsnl.net.in
8.Mr. Vivek Mendonsa
President
Association of Schools & Colleges of Optometry (ASCO)
Lawrence & Mayo House, 274, Dr. D. N. Road, Fort,
Mumbai – 400 001.
Mobile: 098 202 888 17
Email: vivekmendonsa@rediffmail.com
LAN Phone: 022 – 2207 7440 / 2201 2358
9.Mr. Yeshwant Saoji
Educational Representative
Indian optometric Association
Nagpur
10.Ms. Lakshmi Shinde
Coordinator – IACLE & ICEE
Asia Pacific region
List of Contributors
Sr. No
Course
Authors
Reviewer
1
Biochemistry I & II
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Dr. K.N. Sulochana Ph.D.
Professor and Head
Biochemistry Research Dept
Vision Research Foundation
Sankara Nethralaya
18, College Road
Chennai . 600 006.
Phone: 044-28271616 (Extn. 1315)
Fax: 044-28254180
Email: drkns@snmail.org
2
General Anatomy
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Principal,
Elite School of Optometry
3
General Physiology
Mr. Aditya Goyal
4
Ocular Anatomy
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Principal,
Elite School of Optometry
5
Ocular Physiology
Mr. Aditya Goyal
6
Geometrical Optics I & II
Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan
Ms. Varuna Padmanabhan MS
Was teaching Physical/ Geometrical Optics at School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley.
Ms. Revathy
ESO Alumnus, At present working in Sankara Nethralaya
7
Physical Optics
Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan
Ms. Varuna Padmanabhan MS
Was teaching Physical/ Geometrical Optics at School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley.
Ms. Revathy
ESO Alumnus, At present working in Sankara Nethralaya
8
Optometric Optics -I & II
Mr. Prasant Sawant
Ms. Anjali
Ms. Rashima ,
Faculty,
Optometric optics, Elite School of Optometry
9
Microbiology
Dr. Mrs. Padmini Sathe
BHMS, PGDPC
10
Pathology
Dr. S Krishna Kumar
Faculty, Elite School of Optometry
Dr. Padmini Sathe
BHMS, PGDPC
11
Visual Optics I & II
Miss. Mithali Kamat,
Assistant Lecturer,
B.V.P. School of Optometry,
Pune.
12
Contact Lens I & II
Mr. Nagesh
13
Geriatric Optometry
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Ms. Prema Chande
Principal,
Lotus Collage of Optometry
14
Binocular Vision I and II
Prof. Dipti Gogate
Mr. Aditya Goyal
15
Paediatric Optometry
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Rizwana
Pediatric Optometrist
Sankara Nethralaya
Faculty, Elite School of Optometry
16
Public Health & Community Optometry
Dr.R.R.Sudhir, M.B.B.S.,D.O.,D.N.B.,M.P.H (Johns Hopkins, USA)
Head Dept of Preventive Ophthalmology,
Consultant Cornea Services,
Consultant In-charge Electronic Medical Records,
Sankara Nethralaya,
Medical and Vision Research Foundation,
18 College Road,
Nugambakkam, Chennai- 600 006,
Tel : +91-44-28271616 ; Fax : +91-44-28254180
email: rrsudhir@yahoo.com ; drrrs@snmail.org
17
Low Vision Aids
Prof .Dipti Gogate
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
18
Occupational Optometry
Prof. Dipti Gogate
Mr. Vishakh Nair
Associate Professor,
BVP School of optometry
Dr .R Krishna Kumar
19
Systemic Disease
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
20
Nutrition
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
21
Optometric Instruments
22
Pharmacology
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
23
Ocular Disease I & II
Dr R Krishna Kumar
24
CEVS
Ms. Prema Chande
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
25
Dispensing Optics
Mr. Prasant Sawant
Mrs Anjali
26
Clinical Training
Dr. R Krishna Kumar
Mr. Aditya Goyal
Ms. Prema Chande
Acknowledgements To
Prof. Jay M Enoch, Dean, Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley
Dr. S Meenakshi, Director, Academics, Sankara Nethralaya
Dr. Vivek A Saoji, Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College, Pune
Dr. S S Badrinath, Chairman, Emeritus, Sankara Nethralaya
Definition for Optometry (from CMOC perspective) :
“Optometry is a health care profession that is autonomous and optometrists are primary health care practitioners of the eye and visual system who provide comprehensive eye and vision care, which includes refraction and dispensing, detection/diagnosis and co-management of disease in the eye and the rehabilitation of conditions of the visual system”
Role of an Optometrist:
Primary eye care (Diagnosis /referral),
Vision care (Contact lens, Refraction, Low Vision, Binocular vision services),
Co- Management of diseases (Referral and Follow-up).
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM FOR INDIA
( Four year Degree programme)
Eligibility : Higher Secondary with Physics/Chemistry/ Maths or Biology, and minimum 60% marks in each of the above subjects in the final examination
Year
Courses
Hours
Hours
First Semester
Second Semester
General Anatomy
32 (10)
Basic Biochemistry II
20(20)
General Physiology
45 (20)
Ocular Anatomy
39(10)
Basic Biochemistry I
27(20)
Ocular Physiology
47(14)
Nutrition
15
Geometrical optics -II
45(20)
Geometrical Optics - I
49
Physical optics
37(15)
Clinic - I
Third Semester
Fourth Semester
Ocular Microbiology
18
Optometric Optics -II
37
Optometric optics- I
21
Visual Optics - II
27
Visual optics - I
20
Ocular Disease - II
46
Optometric Instruments
32
Basic Pharmacology
24
Ocular Diseases - I
46
Pathology
20
Clinical examination of Visual System
29
Clinics - III
68
Clinic - II
Fifth Semester
Sixth Semester
Contact lens - I
37(25)
Contact Lens - II
30(25)
Low Vision Aid
21(6)
Binocular Vision - II
31
Geriatric Optometry
25
Public Health and Community optometry
26
Pediatric Optometry
30
Dispensing Optometry
19
Binocular Vision - I
29
Occupational Optometry
20
Systemic Disease
57
Clinics - V
68
Clinics- IV
Clinical Internship - Seventh and Eight Semester
Note: Numbers in parenthesis is dedicated practical hours for different courses
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE NAME : General Anatomy
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in anatomy, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1)Course Description: General anatomy deals with the entire human anatomy with emphasis on different tissues, blood vessels, glands, nerves and the entire central nervous system in particular.
2)Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
Comprehend the normal disposition, inter-relationships, gross, functional and applied anatomy of various structures in the human body.
Identify the microscopic structures of various tissues, and organs in the human body and correlate the structure with the functions.
Comprehend the basic structure and connections between the various parts of the central nervous system so as to analyze the integrative and regulative functions on the organs and systems.
3) Text Book:
a)BD Chaurasia: Handbook of general Anatomy, Third edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1996
b) GJ Tortora, B Derrickson: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology,11th edition,
John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2007
4) Reference Book: No recommendation. It is left to the faculty
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology or remedial biology
6) Course Outline:
Sr. No.
Topics
No. of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Introduction to Human Anatomy: Anatomy: Definition and its relevance in medicine and optometry
Planes of the body, relationship of structures, organ system
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Skeleton System
3
Lecture
MCQs/Viva
3
Tissues of the Body:
Epithelium, connective tissue, bone and cartilage, Embryology, histology, different types of each of them, types of cells, cellular differentiation and arrangements in different tissues
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Muscles:
Different types of muscles, their functional differentiation, their relationship with different structures, their neural supply
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Blood vessels:
Differentiation between arteries and veins, embryology, histology of both arteries and veins, Functional differences between the two, anatomical differences at different locations
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
6
Skin and appendages:
Embryology, anatomical differences in different areas, functional and protective variations, innervations, relationship with muscles and nerves
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Lymphatic system:
Embryology, functions, relationship with blood vessels and organs
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Glands:
Embryology, different types of glands (exocrine and endocrine), functional differences, neural control of glands
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Nervous system:
Parts of Nervous system, cell types of nervous system, Blood-brain barrier, Reflex arc, Peripheral Nerves, Spinal nerves, Nerve fibers, Autonomic Nervous system
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
Brain and Cranial nerves:
Major parts of Brain, Protective coverings of the Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum, Cranial nerves
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Number of Hours
32
7. Reading Assignment: Encourage the students to develop the habit of referring books
and submit written assignments.
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
Practical: 10 Hours
Practical demonstration of each organ using specimen. If specimen for certain organs are not available, then videos can be shown to make the student understand the anatomic structures.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : General Physiology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in physiology, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1)Course Description: General physiology deals with the entire human anatomy with emphasis on different organ systems, their physiological functions with special emphasis on blood and neuro physiology.
2)Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
Explain the normal functioning of various organ systems of the body and their interactions.
Elucidate the physiological aspects of normal growth and development.
Describe the physiological response and adaptations to environmental stresses.
Know the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis of disease.
3)Text Book:
G J Tortora, B Derrickson: Principles of anatomy & physiology,11th edition,
John Wiley & Sons Inc, New Jersey, 2007
4)Reference Book:
AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition,CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006
A C Guyton: Text book of Medical Physiology, 6th edition, saunders company, Japan, 1981
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology or remedial biology
6) Course Outline:
Sr. No.
Topics
No. of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Cell structure & organization
Tissue organization
Epithelium
Connective tissue – Collagen fibers – Elastic fibers – Areolar fibers
Cartilage – Bone
Contractile tissue – striated – skeletal – cardiac – non striated – plain – myoepithelial
General principles of cell physiology
Physiology of skeletal muscle
5
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
BLOOD:
Composition
Volume measurement & variations
Plasma proteins – classification & functions
Red blood cells – development, morphology & measurements – functions & dysfunctions.
White blood cells – development – classification, morphology – functions & dysfunctions
Platelets – morphology – development, functions & dysfunctions
Clotting – factors – mechanism – anti- coagulants dysfunctions
Blood grouping – classification – importance in transfusion, Rh factor & incompatibility
Suspension stability
Osmotic stability
Reticulo endothelial system
Spleen
lymphatic tissue
Thymus
bone marrow
immune system
cellular
Humoral
autoimmune
10
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
DIGESTION:
General arrangement
Salivary digestion – functions & regulations
Gastric digestion – functions & regulations
Pancreatic digestion – functions & regulations
Intestinal digestion – functions & regulations
Liver & bile
Absorption
Motility
Deglutition
Vomiting
Defecation
Functions of large intestine
Neurohumoral regulations of alimentary functions, summary
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
EXCRETION:
Body fluids – distribution, measurement & exchange, Kidney – structure of nephron – mechanism of urine formation – composition of the urine and abnormal constituents – urinary bladder & micturition
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
ENDOCRINES:
Hormone mechanism – negative feed backs – tropic action – permissive action – cellular action, hypothalamic regulation
Thyroid - hormones, actions, regulations
Adrenal cortex - hormones, actions, regulations
Adrenal medulla – hormones, actions, regulations
Parathyroid - hormones, actions, regulations
Islets of pancreas – hormones, actions, regulations
Miscellaneous _ hormones, actions, regulations
Common clinical disorders
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
6
REPRODUCTION:
Male reproductive system – control & regulation
Female reproductive system – uterus – ovaries – menstrual cycle – regulation – pregnancy & delivery – breast – family planning
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Respiration:
Mechanics of respiration – pulmonary function tests – transport of respiratory gases- neural and chemical regulation of respiration – hypoxia, cyanosis, dyspnoea – asphyxia.
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Circulation:
General principles
Heart: myocardium – innervation – transmission of cardiac impulse- Events during cardiac cycle – cardiac output. Peripheral circulation: peripheral resistances – arterial blood pressure – measurements – factors regulation variations – capillary circulation – venous circulation. Special circulation: coronary cerebral – miscellaneous
8
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Environmental Physiology
Body temperature regulation (including skin Physiology). Exposure to low and high atmospheric pressure
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
Nervous System:
Neuron – Conduction of impulse – synapse – receptor.
Sensory organization – pathways and perception
Reflexes – cerebral cortex – functions. Thalamus – Basal ganglia
Cerebellum.
Hypothalamus.
Autonomic nervous system – motor control of movements, posture and equilibrium –
conditioned reflex, eye hand co-ordination
5
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
11
Special senses – (Elementary) Olfaction – Taste – Hearing
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Number of Hours
45
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students.
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals (20 Hours)
Blood test:
Microscope
Haemocytometer
Blood
RBC count
Hb
WBC count
Differential Count
Hematocrit demonstration
ESR
Blood group & Rh. Type
Bleeding time and clotting time.
Digestion:
Test salivary digestions
Excretion:
Examination of Urine
Specific gravity
Albumin
Sugar
Microscopic examination for cells and cysts
Endocrinology and Reproduction:
Dry experiments in the form of cases showing different endocrine disorders.
Respiratory System:
Clinical examination of respiratory system
Spirometry
Breath holding test
Cardio Vascular System:
Clinical examination of circulatory system
Measurement of blood pressure and pulse rate
Effect of exercise on blood pressure and pulse rate
Central Nervous System:
Sensory system
Motor system
Cranial system
Superficial and deep reflexes
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Basic Biochemistry - I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in biochemistry, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1)Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Biochemistry I deals with the biochemical nature of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, lipids etc. A detailed study of these, emphasizing on their chemical composition and their role in metabolism is the required aim of this course.
2) Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: demonstrate his
knowledge and understanding on:\
Structure, function and interrelationship of biomolecules and consequences of deviation from normal.
Integration of the various aspects of metabolism, and their regulatory pathways.
Principles of various conventional and specialized laboratory investigations and instrumentation, analysis and interpretation of a given data.
3) Text book:
S. Ramakrishnan: Essentials of biochemistry and ocular biochemistry, Annamalai University Publications, Chidambaram, India, 1992
5)Reference Books:
S. Ramakrishnan, K G Prasannan and R Rajan: Text book of Medical Biochemistry,
Orient Longman, Madras, 1990
D.R. Whikehart: Biochemistry of the Eye, 2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Pennsylvania, 2003
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level chemistry with good knowledge of organic chemistry.
6) Course Outline:
Sr.No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Carbohydrates:
Glucose; fructose; galactose; lactose; sucrose; starch and glycogen (properties and tests, Structure and function)
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Proteins:
Amino acids, peptides, and proteins (general properties & tests with a few examples like glycine, trytophan, glutathione, albumin, hemoglobin, collagen)
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Lipids:
Fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated, cholesterol and triacyglycerol, phospholipids and plasma membrane
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Vitamins:
General with emphasis on A,B2, C, E and inositol (requirements, assimilation and properties)
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Minerals:
Na, K, Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Se.(requirements, availability and properties)
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Hours
27
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on journal articles relevant to the course
8) Practical: (20 Hours)
Reactions of monosaccharides, disaccharides and starch:
Glucose Fructose
Galactose Maltose, lactose
Sucrose Starch
Analysis of Unknown Sugars:
Estimation:
Photometry Biofluid of choice – blood, plasma, serum
Standard graphs Glucose
Proteins Urea
Creatinine Bilirubin
9. Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
Quiz/MCQ
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Assignment/ Seminar
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : NUTRITION
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Nutritionist with Masters/ Doctorate
1. Course Description: This course covers the basic aspects of Nutrition for good
health. It also includes nutrients and nutrient derivatives relevant to ocular health,
nutrition deficiency and ocular disease, Nutrition and ocular aging, and
contraindications, adverse reactions and ocular nutritional supplements.
2. Course Objective : At the end of the course student would have gained the
knowledge of the following:
Balanced diet.
Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, Minerals, carotenoids and eye.
Nutrition and Ocular aging
Adverse effects of ocular nutritional supplements.
3. Text books:
M Swaminathan: Hand book of Food and Nutrition, fifth edition, Bangalore printing & publishing Co.Ltd, Bangalore,2004
C Gopalan, BV Rama Sastri, SC Balasubramanian: Nutritive Value of Indian Foods , National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad,2004
Frank Eperjesi & Stephen Beatty: Nutrition and the Eye A practical Approach,
Elsevier Butterworth – Heinemann, USA, 2006
4. Reference books: No recommendation. It is left to the faculty.
5. Prerequisites: Nothing Specific
6. Course plan:
Sr. No
Topics
No of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Introduction to Nutrition and Food Science, Food Groups and Food Pyramid
1
Lecture
Written
2
Balanced diet for different age groups, Recommended dietary Allowances
1
Lecture
Assignment
3
Assessment of Nutritional Status.
1
Lecture
Assignment
4
Energy – Units, Metabolisms, Energy expenditure, and Energy imbalance.
1
Lecture
Written
5
Digestion, absorption and transport of Food
1
Lecture
Written
6
Proteins and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
7
Lipids and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
8
Carbhohydrates and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
9
Vitamins and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
10
Minerals and trace elements and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
11
Carotenoids and eye
1
Lecture
Seminar
12
Oxidative stress and the eye
1
Lecture
Written
13
Vitamin A, C and E deficiency
1
Lecture
Written
14
Nutrition and ocular aging
1
Lecture
Seminar
15
Contraindications, Adverse reactions and ocular nutritional supplements
1
Lecture
Seminar
15
7. Reading Assignments: (Example given below. However the faculty can decide on the assignments to develop the referring habit of the students)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sr. No. TOPICS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a.Age related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)
b.Carotenoids in Age related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS)
c.Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial (LAST).
d.Celtic Age Related Maculopathy Arrestation (CARMA) study
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Geometrical optics
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines
OR
An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D
OR
An optometrist with an undergraduate degree
1) Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Geometric Optics is the study of light and its behavior as it propagates in a variety of media. Specifically, the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light at boundaries between media and subsequent image formation will be dealt with in detail. Reflections at plane and spherical surfaces and refractions at plane, spherical, cylindrical and toric surfaces will be studied in this course. Attention will be given to the system of surfaces and/or lenses and their imaging properties. The effect of aperture stops on the quality of images, such as blur and aberrations, depth of field and depth of focus, will also be studied.
2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of mirrors and lenses. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the basic properties of the images formed on the retina by the optics of the eye.
3) Text book:
Tunnacliffe A. H, Hirst J. G, Optics, The association of British Dispensing Opticians, London, U.K., 1990.
Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
4) Reference Books:
Loshin D. S. The Geometric Optics Workbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, USA, 1991.
Schwartz S. H. Geometrical and Visual Optics: A Clinical Introduction, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 2002.
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.
6) Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Nature of light – light as electromagnetic oscillation; ideas of sinusoidal oscillations; amplitude and phase; speed of light in vacuum and other media; refractive index.
2
Lectures; Sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
2
Wavefronts – spherical, elliptical and plane; Curvature and vergence; rays; convergence and divergence in terms of rays and vergence; vergence at a distance
2
Lectures; Sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
3
Refractive index; its dependence on wavelength
1
Lectures
MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions
4
Fermat’s and Huygen’s Principle – Derivation of laws of reflection and refraction (Snell’s law) from these principles
4
Lectures; Assignments
MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions
5
Plane mirrors – height of the mirror; rotation of the mirror
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs
6
Reflection by a spherical mirror – paraxial approximation; sign convention; derivation of vergence equation
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; conceptual MCQs
7
Imaging by concave mirror
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
8
Imaging by convex mirror
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
9
Reflectivity; transmittivity
1
Lectures; Sample Problems
MCQs; Problems
10
Snell’s Law; refraction at a plane surface
1
Lectures
Conceptual questions
11
Glass slab; displacement without deviation; displacement without dispersion
2
Lectures and student presentation
Problems, MCQs
12
Thick prisms; angle of prism; deviation produced by a prism; refractive index of the prism
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
13
Prisms; angular dispersion; dispersive power; Abbe’s number.
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
14
Definition of crown and flint glasses; materials of high refractive index
1
Lectures and student presentation
MCQs
15
Thin prism – definition; definition of Prism diopter; deviation produced by a thin prism; it dependence on refractive index
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems; MCQs
16
Refraction by a spherical surface; sign convention; introduction to spherical aberration using image formed by a spherical surface of a distance object; sag formula
3
Lectures and computer demonstration
Problems
17
Paraxial approximation; derivation of vergence equation
1
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
18
Imaging by a positive powered surface
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
20
Imaging by a negative powered surface
2
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
21
Vergence at a distance formula; effectivity of a refracting surface
1
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
22
Definition of a lens as a combination of two surfaces; different types of lens shapes.
1
Student Presentation or assignment
MCQs
23
Image formation by a lens by application of vergence at a distance formula; definitions of front and back vertex powers; equivalent power; first and second principal planes/points; primary and secondary focal planes/points; primary and secondary focal lengths
4
Lectures, sample problems, assignments
Problems, MCQs
24
Newton’s formula; linear magnification; angular magnification
2
Lectures, sample problems, assignments
Problems, MCQs
25
Nodal Planes
1
Lectures, sample problems, assignments
Problems, MCQs
26
Thin lens as a special case of thick lens; review of sign convention
1
Student Presentation
Problems
27
Imaging by a thin convex lens; image properties (real/virtual; erect/inverted; magnified/minified) for various object positions
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems, MCQs
28
Imaging by a thin concave lens; image properties (real/virtual; erect/inverted; magnified/minified) for various object positions
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems, MCQs
29
Prentice’s Rule
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
30
System of two thin lenses; review of front and back vertex powers and equivalent power, review of six cardinal points.
2
Lectures; Sample Problems, Assignments
Problems, MCQs
31
System of more than two thin lenses; calculation of equivalent power using magnification formula
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems, MCQs
Total number of Lectures
49
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty needs to give opportunity to students to go and refer relevant literatures
8) Evaluation pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.
9) Practical: Please see the Geometrical optics – II course contents for details. It is left to the faculty to split the practical and conduct in first and second part of the course.
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS:
The course curriculum is structured such that there is a smooth flow of ideas from the easy to the difficult. However, there is one deviation from this ideal. Concepts of thick lenses are dealt with before moving on to thin lenses. Since the human eye and most of its visual aids are thick lenses in nature, we have decided to emphasize on thick lenses and deal thin lenses only as a simplification of thick lens. Universally, thin lenses are taught first before moving on to thick lenses. Therefore, we leave it to the instructors to make a choice of which one of these to teach first.
Nodal planes are not taught along with the other cardinal planes. This is because, unless the students get a clear understanding of angular magnification, it is difficult to teach them nodal planes. However, we leave it to the instructor to do it the way given in this curriculum or teach all the six cardinal planes at one go.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Basic Biochemistry -II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in biochemistry, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology
1) Course Description: This course is being taught in two consecutive semesters. Biochemistry II deals with the metabolism that takes place in the human body. It also deals with ocular biochemistry in detail. Clinical estimation as well as the clinical significance of biochemical values is also taught.
2) Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: demonstrate his knowledge and understanding on:
Integration of the various aspects of metabolism, and their regulatory pathways.
Understand metabolic processes taking place in different ocular structures and fluids
Principles of various conventional and specialized laboratory investigations and instrumentation, analysis and interpretation of a given data.
3) Textbooks:
S. Ramakrishnan: Essentials of biochemistry and ocular biochemistry, Annamalai University Publications, Chidambaram, India, 1992
4) Reference Books:
S. Ramakrishnan, K G Prasannan and R Rajan: Text book of Medical Biochemistry, Orient Longman, Madras, 1990
D R Whikehart: Biochemistry of the Eye, 2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Pennsylvania, 2003
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level chemistry with good knowledge of organic chemistry and knowledge of Biochemistry I.
6) Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Hormones and their receptors basic concepts in metabolic regulation with examples, insulin, glucagons and thyroxine
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Metabolism
General whole body metabolism (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids)
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Ocular Biochemistry
Various aspects of the eye, viz. tears, cornea, lens, aqueous, vitreous, retina and pigment epithelium rhodopsin. (The important chemicals in each and their roles).
8
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Clinical Biochemistry
Blood sugar, urea, creatinine and Bilirubin, cholesterol etc and significance of their estimation.
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total Hours
20
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty will decide on the articles to be read by the students.
8) Practical (20 Hours):
Quantitative exercises:
i.Abnormal constituents in urine, sugar, proteins, ketones, blood and bile salts
ii. Detection of abnormal constituents in urine
Techniques:
Electrophoresis, Chromatography, Preparation of - normal, molar and percentage solutions, buffers, PH determination
Demonstration:
Estimation of blood cholesterol, estimation of alkaline phosphate, salivary amylase (effect of PH, etc.).
9. Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
Quiz/MCQ
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Seminar/
assignment
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR – SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Anatomy
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in anatomy with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology or an ophthalmologist with M.S.
1) Course Description: This course deals with detailed anatomy of the orbit, eyeball and cranial nerves associated with ocular functions.
2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
Comprehend the normal disposition, inter-relationships, gross, functional and applied anatomy of various structures in the eye and adnexa.
Identify the microscopic structures of various tissues in the eye and correlate the structure with the functions.
Comprehend the basic structure and connections between the various parts of the central nervous system and the eye so as to understand the neural connections and distribution.
To understand the basic principles of ocular embryology.
3) Text Book:
L A Remington: Clinical Anatomy of the Visual System, Second edition, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA, 2005.
3)Reference Books:
AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition,
CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology and knowledge of general human anatomy.
6) Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Cornea:
Anatomy of all the layers, cellular structure, nerve supply, reason for transparency, refractive properties
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Coats of eyeball:
1.Sclera (episclera & sclera)
2.Choroid (Iris, ciliary body, choroid)
3.Retina
Detailed anatomy, cellular structure, vasculature, nerve supply for all the above coats, pupils, nerve supply for pupillary actions, pupillary pathway.
6
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Crystalline lens
2
Lecture
MCQs, Short notes
4
Aqueous, anterior chamber, vitreous body
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Ocular Embryology
2
Lecture
MCQs
6
Detailed study of orbit
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Ocular Adnexa and Lacrimal system
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Extra ocular muscles (anatomy, innervations, action)
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Orbital Blood supply
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
CRANIAL NERVES:
Detailed study of each of the following nerves in terms of their nucluei, course, relationship within brain, effects of compression etc at different regions
1.Optic nerve
2.Oculomotor nerve
3.Trochlear nerve
4.Trigeminal nerve
5.Abducent nerve
6.Facial nerve
10
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
11
Visual Pathway
3
Lectures
MCQs, Quiz
12
Autonomic Innervations of Ocular structures
3
Lectures
MCQs, Short Notes
Total Number of Hours
39
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students.
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practical: (10 Hours)
Eye dissection of bull’s eye
Orbital bones and landmarks using Skull
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Physiology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in physiology, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology or an Optometrist/Ophthalmologist who have adequate experience in teaching Physiology
1) Course Description: Ocular physiology deals with the physiological functions of each part of the eye.
2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
Explain the normal functioning of all the structures of the eye and their interactions.
Elucidate the physiological aspects of normal growth and development of the eye.
Understand the phenomenon of vision.
List the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis and treatment of disease of the eye.
3) Text book:
AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition,
CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006
4)Reference Book:
RD Ravindran: Physiology of the eye, Arvind eye hospitals, Pondicherry, 2001
PL Kaufman, A Alm: Adler’s Physiology of the eye clinical application, 10th edition, Mosby, 2002
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology and/or General physiology.
6) Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Protective mechanisms in the eye
1
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
2
Precorneal tear film, eyelids and lacrimation
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
3
Extrinsic Ocular muscles, their actions and control of their movements
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
4
Saccadic, smooth pursuit and Nystagmic eye movements
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
5
Coats of the eye ball
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
6
Corneal Physiology
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
7
Aqueous humor and vitreous: Intra ocular pressure
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
8
Iris and pupil
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
9
Crystalline lens and accommodation – presbyopia
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
10
Retina – structure and functions, dark and Light Adaptations
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
11
Vision – general aspects of sensation
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
12
Pigments of the eye and photochemistry, electrophysiology
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
13
The visual stimulus, refractive errors
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
14
Visual acuity, vernier acuity and principle of measurement
2
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
15
Visual perception – Binocular vision, stereoscopic vision, optical illusions
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
16
Visual pathway, central and cerebral connections, lesions of pathway and effects
4
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
17
Colour vision and colour defects. Theories and diagnostic tests
3
Lectures
Short notes, MCQs
Total number of Hours
47
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students.
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals (14 Hours):
Eye movements
Tests for lachrymal secretion (Schirmer’s)
Break up time
Anterior segment examination – Slit lamp examination - demo
Pupillary reflexes
Schiotz tonometry
Measurement of accommodation
Visual acuity measurement
Ophthalmoscopy and retinoscopy
Light and dark adaptation
Binocular vision
Colour vision
Electrophysiology
All the above procedures are demonstrated to enable students to understand the physiological concepts.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Geometrical optics II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines
OR
An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D
OR
An optometrist with an undergraduate degree
1) Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Geometric Optics is the study of light and its behavior as it propagates in a variety of media. Specifically, the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light at boundaries between media and subsequent image formation will be dealt with in detail. Reflections at plane and spherical surfaces and refractions at plane, spherical, cylindrical and toric surfaces will be studied in this course. Attention will be given to the system of surfaces and/or lenses and their imaging properties. The effect of aperture stops on the quality of images, such as blur and aberrations, depth of field and depth of focus, will also be studied.
2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of mirrors and lenses. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the basic properties of the images formed on the retina by the optics of the eye.
3) Text book:
Tunnacliffe A. H, Hirst J. G, Optics, The association of British Dispensing Opticians, London, U.K., 1990.
Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
4) Reference Books:
Loshin D. S. The Geometric Optics Workbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, USA, 1991.
Schwartz S. H. Geometrical and Visual Optics: A Clinical Introduction, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 2002.
5)Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.
6)Course outline:
1
Cylindrical Lenses; image formation; relation between cylinder axis and line image orientation
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems, MCQs
2
Imaging due to two cylinders in contact with axes parallel
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems, MCQs
3
Two cylinders in contact with axes perpendicular; line images and their orientations to the cylinders’ powers; interval of Sturm; circle of least confusion (CLC); spherical equivalent; position of CLC
6
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems, MCQs; conceptual questions
4
Spherical lens and a cylindrical lens in contact; spherical equivalent; interval of Sturm and CLC
2
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems, MCQs; conceptual questions
5
Spherocylindrical lens notations – plus/minus cylinder form, cross cylinder/meridian form; transformations between them
3
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems, conceptual questions
6
Field stops and apertures; entrance and exit pupils
1
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
7
Apertures and defocus blur
1
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
8
Receiver/detector diameter; depth of focus; depth of field
1
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; conceptual questions
9
Chromatic Aberrations; methods of removing chromatic aberrations; Abbe number
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual questions
10
Monochromatic Aberrations – deviation from paraxial approximation; difference between ray aberrations and wavefront aberrations
2
Lectures
Problems; conceptual questions
11
Third order aberrations – spherical aberrations; coma; astigmatism; distortion and curvature of fields
2
Lectures
Conceptual questions
12
Ways of minimizing spherical aberrations – pupil size, bending of lens, shape factor
2
Lectures
Conceptual questions
13
Lens tilt – astigmatism
1
Lectures
Problems; conceptual questions
14
Higher order aberrations; introduction to Zernike Polynomials
1
Lectures
Conceptual questions
15
Telescopes – Keplerian, Galilean and Newtonian; position of cardinal points, entrance and exit pupils; magnifications; advantages and disadvantages
4
Lectures; Student Presentation
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions
16
Microscopes – magnification; tube length.
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions
17
Gullstrand’s Schematic Eye (GSE); calculation of the power of the cornea, the lens and the eye; axial length; calculation of the position of the cardinal points; magnification
2
Lectures; Student Presentation; Assignments
Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions
18
GSE - Purkinje images and their reflectances
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
19
GSE - entrance and exit pupils for a 3mm pupil; ocular aberrations – spherical aberrations and coma; chromatic aberrations.
2
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
20
GSE – introduction to refractive errors - myopia and hyperopia; corneal curvature; axial length; far point; blur size calculations; corrections; astigmatism; blur size; circle of least confusion; correction.
4
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
21
GSE - Object closer than at infinity; introduction to accommodation; far point; near point; presbyopia; spectacle and contact Lens corrections - comparison of magnification
3
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; Conceptual questions
Total number of Lectures
45
7)Reading Assignment: Faculty needs to decide.
8) Practical: (20 hours)
Each practical session could be evaluated for 10 marks and the total could be added to the final evaluations. These practical’s could be customized as per the university requirements and spaced apart conveniently. The practical’s to be done include the following:
Thick Prism – determination of prism angle and dispersive power; calculation of the refractive index
Thin Prism – measurement of deviation; calculation of the prism diopter
Image formation by spherical mirrors
Convex lens - power determination using lens gauge, power determination using distant object method; power determination using the vergence formula
Concave lens – in combination with a convex lens – power determination.
Construction of a tabletop telescope – all three types of telescopes.
Construction of a tabletop microscope
Imaging by a cylindrical lens – relationship between cylinder axis and image orientation
Imaging by two cylinders in contact – determination of the position of CLC; verification of CLC using a spherical lens with power equal to the spherical equivalent; orientations and position of the line images and their relation to the cylinders’ powers and orientations
Imaging by a spherocylindrical lens – sphere and cylinder in contact – determination of the position of CLC; verification of CLC using a spherical lens with power equal to the spherical equivalent; orientations and position of the line images and their relation to the cylinder’s power and orientation
9) Evaluation pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS:
The course curriculum is structured such that there is a smooth flow of ideas from the easy to the difficult. However, there is one deviation from this ideal. Concepts of thick lenses are dealt with before moving on to thin lenses. Since the human eye and most of its visual aids are thick lenses in nature, we have decided to emphasize on thick lenses and deal thin lenses only as a simplification of thick lens. Universally, thin lenses are taught first before moving on to thick lenses. Therefore, we leave it to the instructors to make a choice of which one of these to teach first.
Nodal planes are not taught along with the other cardinal planes. This is because, unless the students get a clear understanding of angular magnification, it is difficult to teach them nodal planes. However, we leave it to the instructor to do it the way given in this curriculum or teach all the six cardinal planes at one go.
COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM
B. S. OPTOMETRY
FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Physical Optics
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines.
OR
An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D
OR
An optometrist with an undergraduate degree.
1) Course Description: This course will be taught in one semester. Physical Optics is the study of light, its properties and its interaction with matter. Specifically, the phenomena of interference, diffraction, polarization and scattering will be dealt with in detail.
2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of properties of light. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the distribution of light under various conditions.
3) Text Book: Subrahmanyan N, Brij Lal, A text book of Optics, S. Chand Co Ltd, New Delhi, India, 2003.
4) Reference Books:
Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
Keating NM. P, Geometric, Physical and Visual Optics, Butterworth- Heinemann, Massachusetts, USA, 2002.
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.
8)Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of hrs.
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Nature of light – light as electromagnetic oscillation – wave equation; ideas of sinusoidal oscillations – simple harmonic oscillation; transverse nature of oscillation; concepts of frequency, wavelength, amplitude and phase.
7
Lectures; Sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
2
Sources of light; Electromagnetic Spectrum.
1
Lectures; Sample problems
Conceptual MCQs
3
Polarized light; linearly polarized light; and circularly polarized light.
1
Lectures
Conceptual MCQs
4
Intensity of polarized light; Malus’ Law; polarizers and analyzers; Methods of producing polarized light; Brewster’s angle.
2
Lectures; Sample problems
Conceptual MCQ-s; problems
5
Birefringence; ordinary and extraordinary rays.
2
Lectures; Assignments
MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions
6
Relationship between amplitude and intensity.
1
Lectures; Assignments
Problems; MCQs
7
Coherence; interference; constructive interference, destructive interference; fringes; fringe width.
2
Lectures; Assignments; sample problems
Problems; conceptual MCQs
8
Double slits, multiple slits, gratings.
2
Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments
Problems; conceptual MCQs
9
Diffraction; diffraction by a circular aperture; Airy’s disc
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
Problems
10
Resolution of an instrument (telescope, for example); Raleigh’s criterion
2
Lectures; Sample Problems
MCQs; Problems
11
Scattering; Raleigh’s scattering; Tyndall effect.
2
Lectures
Conceptual questions
12
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
1
Lectures
Conceptual questions
13
Basics of Lasers – coherence; population inversion; spontaneous emission; Einstein’s theory of lasers.
5
Lectures; Student presentation
Conceptual MCQs.
14
Radiometry; solid angle; radiometric units; photopic and scotopic luminous efficiency and efficacy curves; photometric units
4
Lectures and sample problems
Problems, MCQs
15
Inverse square law of photometry; Lambert’s law.
2
Lectures; sample problems
Problems, MCQs
16
Other units of light measurement; retinal illumination; Trolands
1
Lectures; sample problems
MCQs
Total number of Lectures
37
7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide
8) Practicals:
Each practical session could be evaluated for 10 marks and the total could be added to the final evaluations. These practical could be customized as per the university requirements and spaced apart conveniently. The practical to be done include the following:
Gratings – determination of grating constant using Sodium vapour lamp; determination of wavelengths of light from Mercury vapour lamp
Circular Apertures – measurements of Airy’s disc for apertures of various sizes
Verification of Malus’ Law using a polarizer – analyzer combination
Demonstration of birefringence using Calcite crystals
Measurement of the resolving power of telescopes.
Newton’s rings
Demonstration of fluorescence and phosphorescence using crystals and paints
9) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - THIRD SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (2008-2009)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Microbiology
Instructor In Charge : Microbiologist (PG/ PhD)
1)Course Description: This course covers the basic biological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of pathogenic organisms.
2)Course Objectives: The objectives of the course are:
to prepare the students to gain essential knowledge about the characteristics of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites;
to acquire knowledge of the principles of sterilisation and disinfection in hospital and ophthalmic practice;
to understand the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by the organisms in the human body with particular reference to the eye infections and
to understand basic principles of diagnostic ocular Microbiology.
3)Text books:
BURTON G.R.W: Microbiology for the Health Sciences, third edition, J.P. Lippincott Co., St. Louis, 1988.
M J Pelczar (Jr),ECS Chan, NR Krieg : Microbiology ,fifth edition, TATA McGRAW-HILL Publisher, New Delhi,1993
4) Reference Books:
KJ Ryan, CG Ray: Sherris Medical Microbiology- An Introduction to infectious Diseases, fourth edition, McGRAW HiLL Publisher, NewDelhi, 1994 MACKIE & McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology
SYDNEY M. FINEGOLD & ELLEN JO BARON: Diagnostic Microbiology (DM)
5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary Biology
6. Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
1
Introduction to Microbiology
1
2
Types of Microorganisms
2
3
Physiology of Microorganisms – Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism and energy, Microbial Growth
2
4
Sterilization and disinfection in the laboratory
1
5
Control of Microbial Growth – Antimicrobial methods and Chemotherapy
2
6
Microbes versus Humans- The development of Infection, the disease process, pathogenicity and virulence
2
7
Ocular Bacteriology - Gram positive,(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphlococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, propionibacterium, actinomyces,Nocardia) Bacteria including acid fast bacilli ( Myobacterium tuberculosis, Myobacterium leprae)
1
8
Ocular Bacteriology - Gram negative Bacteria (pseudomonas,haemophiilus,Brucella,Neisseria,Moraxella)
1
9
Spirochetes (Treponema, Leptospiraceae)
1
10
Virology: Classification of Viruses in Ocular Disease, Rubella, Adenovirus, Oncogenic Viruses (HPV, HBV, EBV, Retroviruses), HIV.
2
11
Fungi : Yeasts, Filamentous, Dimorphic
1
12
Intracellular parasites - Chlamydia, Protozoa (Taxoplasmosis, Acanthamoeba,)
1
13
Helminths ( Toxocariasis, Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, Trematodes)
1
TOTAL NO. OF LECTURES
18
7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8) Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Recommendation: Faculty can send the students to Microbiology lab for observation. This will enable the student to understand the microbiology concept better
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 – 200 )
COURSE HANDOUT
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Optometric Optics I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (undergraduate or Diploma holder in optometry with adequate experience in optical industry)
CO-INSTRUCTORS : Optometrists (undergraduate)
1) Course Description: This course deals with understanding the theory behind spectacle lenses and frames, their materials, types, advantages and disadvantages, calculations involved, when and how to prescribe. It will impart construction, design application and development of lenses, particularly of the methods of calculating their power and effect.
2) Course Objectives: Skills/knowledge to be acquired at the end of this course:
Measurement of lens power , lens centration using conventional techniques
Transposition of various types of lenses
Knowledge to identify different forms of lenses (equi- convex, planoconvex, periscopic, etc.)
Knowledge to select the tool power for grinding process.
Measurement of surface powers using lens measure.
Method of laying off the lens for glazing process.
Ophthalmic prism knowledge – effects, units, base-apex notation, compounding and resolving prisms.
Knowledge of prism and decentration in ophthalmic lenses
Knowledge of different types of materials used to make lenses and its characteristics
Knowledge lens designs – single vision, bifocals, progressive lens
Knowledge on tinted and protective lenses
Knowledge on special lenses like iseikonic, spectacle magnifiers.
Knowledge on spectacle frames – manufacture, materials
3) Text Books: Jalie M: The principles of Ophthalmic Lenses, The Association of Dispensing Opticians, London, 1972
4) Reference Books:
David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999
C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996
5) Pre-requisites: Physical Optics, Geometrical Optics
6) Course Outline:
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1
Introduction – Light, Mirror, Reflection, Refraction and Absorption
1
Theory + Home assignment
Assignment evaluation
2
Prisms – Definition, properties, Refraction through prisms, Thickness difference, Base-apex notation, uses, nomenclature and units, Sign Conventions, Fresnel’s prisms, rotary prims
4
Theory
Written + Viva
3
Lenses – Definition, units, terminology used to describe, form of lenses
2
Theory
Witten + Practicals + Viva
4
Vertex distance and vertex power, Effectivity calculations
2
Theory + Home assignements
Written
5
Lens shape, size and types i.e. spherical, cylindrical and Sphero-cylindrical
1
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
6
Transpositions – Simple, Toric and Spherical equivalent
1
Theory + Home assignements
Written
7
Prismatic effect, centration, decent ration and Prentice rule, Prismatic effect of Plano-cylinder and Sphero-cylinder lenses
4
Theory + Practicals + Home assignements
Written + Viva
8
Spherometer & Sag formula, Edge thickness calculations
3
Theory + Practicals + Home assignements
Written + Viva
9
Magnification in high plus lenses, Minification in high minus lenses
1
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
10
Tilt induced power in spectacles
1
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
11
Aberration in Ophthalmic Lenses
1
Theory
Written + Viva
Total Hours
21
Recommendation – to give extensive home assignments for all calculations
7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8) Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
Second Year - THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Visual Optics I
INSTRUCTOR IN-CHARGE : Optometrist with B.Optom
1) Course Description: This course deals with the concept of eye as an optical instrument and thereby covers various optical components of eye, types of refractive errors, clinical approach in diagnosis and management of various types of refractive errors.
2) Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able:
to understand the fundamentals of optical components of the eye
to gain theoretical knowledge and practical skill on visual acuity measurement, objective and subjective clinical refraction.
3) Text books:
A H Tunnacliffe: Visual optics, The Association of British Optician, 1987
AG Bennett & RB Rabbets: Clinical Visual optics, 3rd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, 1998
4) Reference Books:
M P Keating: Geometric, Physical and Visual optics, 2nd edition, Butterworth- Heinemann, USA, 2002
HL Rubin: Optics for clinicians, 2nd edition, Triad publishing company. Florida, 1974.
H Obstfeld: Optic in Vision- Foundations of visual optics & associated computations, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1982.
WJ Benjamin: Borish’s clinical refraction,2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA,2006
T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry,4th edition, Butterworth – heinneman,USA,2002
5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Physical optics, Ocular Physiology
6) Course Outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1. REVIEW OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
VERGENCE AND POWER:
1.1 Conjugacy, object space and image space
1.2Sign convention
1.3Spherical refracting surface
1.4Spherical mirror; catoptric power
1.5Cardinal points
1.6Magnification
1.7Light and visual function
Clinical Relevance of: Fluorescence, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Bi-refringence, Dichroism
1.9 Aberration and application
Spherical and Chromatic
4 hours
Lectures and seminars by students
MCQs
2.OPTICS OF OCULAR STRUCTURE
2.1 Cornea and aqueous
2.2 Crystalline lens
2.3 Vitreous
2.3Schematic and reduced eye
2 hours
Lectures
MCQs
3.MEASUREMENTS OF OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF THE EYE
3.1 Corneal curvature and thickness
3.2 Keratometry
3.3 Curvature of the lens and ophthalmophakometry
3.4 Axial and axis of the eye
3.5 Basic Aspects of Vision.
Visual Acuity
Light and Dark Adaptation
Color Vision
Spatial and Temporal Resolution
Science of Measuring visual performance and Application to Clinical Optometry
8 hours
Lectures
Written and MCQs
4. REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES AND THEIR CAUSES
4.1 Etiology of refractive anomalies
4.2 Contributing variability and their ranges
4.3 Populating distributions of anomalies.
4.4 Optical component measurements
4.5 Growth of the eye in relation to refractive errors
6 hours
Lectures
Written, MCQs, assignments
Total hours
20 hours
7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8) Evaluation Schedule:-
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
Second Year - THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Optometric Instruments
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist
GUEST LECTURE : by a Bioengineer, preferably from one of the companies who make and services ophthalmic instruments like Lensometers, Keratometers etc.
1) Course Description: This course covers commonly used optometric instruments, its basic principle, description and usage in clinical practice.
2) Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to gain theoretical knowledge and basic practical skill in handling the following instruments:
Visual Acuity chart/drum
Retinoscope
Trail Box
Jackson Cross cylinder
Direct ophthalmoscope
Slit lamp Biomicroscope
Slit lamp Ophthalmoscopy ( +90, 78 D)
Gonioscope
Tonometer: Applanation Tonometer
Keratometer
Perimeter
Electrodiagnostic instrument (ERG, VEP, EOG)
A – Scan Ultrasound
Lensometer
3) Text books: David Henson: Optometric Instrumentations, Butterworth- Heinnemann, UK, 1991
4) Reference books:
P R Yoder: Mounting Optics in Optical Instruments, SPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation, 2002
G Smith, D A. Atchison: The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments, Cambridge University Press, 1997
5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics
6) Course Outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1.Refractive instruments
Optotypes and MTF, Spatial Frequency
Test charts standards.
Choice of test charts
Trial case lenses
Refractor (phoropter) head units
Optical considerations of refractor units
Trial frame design
Near vision difficulties with units and trial frames
Retinoscope – types available
Adjustment of Retinoscopes- special features
Objective optometers.
Infrared optometer devices.
Projection charts
Illumination of the consulting room.
Brightness acuity test
Vision analyzer
Pupilometer
Potential Acuity Meter
Abberometer
12
Lectures
MCQs
2.OPHTHALMOSCOPES AND RELATED DEVICES
Design of ophthalmoscopes - illumination
Design of ophthalmoscopes- viewing
Ophthalmoscope disc
Filters for ophthalmoscopy
Indirect ophthalmoscope
3 hours
Lectures with practical demonstration
Written and assignments
3. Lensometer,Lens gauges or clock
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
4.Slit Lamp
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
5.Tonometers
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
6.Keratometer and corneal topography
2 hours
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
7.Refractometer
1 hour
Lectures and hands on sessions
Written
8.Orthoptic Instruments
(Synaptophore Only)
1 hour
Lecture
Written
9.Color Vision Testing Devices
1 hour
Lectures
Written
10.Fields Of Vision And Screening Devices
2 hours
Lectures
Written
11.Scans
1 hour
Lectures
Written
12.ERG
1 hour
Lectures
MCQs
13.New Instruments
2 hours
Lectures
MCQs
Total no. hrs
32 hours
7) Reading Assignment: Latest informations on optometry instruments available in the literatures can be given as reading assignment. The topics can be decided by the faculty.
8) Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam And practical
EC - III
1 hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam and Practical
Note: Demonstration of the instruments parts and how it works will definitely add value to the course.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Diseases I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Ophthalmologist
CO – INSTRUCTORS : Optometrist (Minimum UG in Optometry)
2)Course Description: This course deals with various ocular diseases affecting various parts of the eyes. It covers clinical signs and symptoms, cause, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis and management aspects of the ocular diseases.
3)Course Objective: At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects of ocular diseases: knowledge
on the etiology,
epidemiology,
symptoms,
signs,
course sequelae of ocular disease,
diagnostic approach, and
management of the ocular diseases.
4) Text books:
A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007
5)Reference Books:
Stephen J. Miller : Parsons Diseases of the Eye, 18th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1990
Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach, 6th edition, Butterworth - Heinemann, 2007
6)Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy and Ocular Physiology, Ocular Biochemistry
and Microbiology, Pharmacology
7) Course outline:
S. No.
Topics
No. of
Lectures
Mode of teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
a)ORBIT
Applied Anatomy
Proptosis
Classification,Causes,Investigations)
Enophthalmos
Developmental Anomalies
( craniosynostosis, Craniofacial Dysostosis, Hypertelorism, Median facial cleft syndrome)
Orbital Inflammations (Preseptal cellulites, Orbital cellulitis Orbital Periostitis, cavernous sinus Thrombosis)
Grave’s Ophthalmopathy
Orbital tumors( Dermoids, capillary haemangioma, Optic nerve glioma)
Orbital blowout fractures
Orbital surgery (Orbitotomy)
Orbital tumors
Orbital trauma
Approach to a patient with proptosis
10
Lectures
Written
2
b) LIDS
Applied Anatomy
Congenital anomalies
( Ptosis, Coloboma, Epicanthus, Distichiasis, Cryptophthalmos)
3.Oedema of the eyelids
(Inflammatory, Solid, Passive edema)
Inflammatory disorders (Blepharitis, External Hordeolum, Chalazion,
Internal hordeolum,,Molluscum Contagiosum)
Anomalies in the position of the lashes and Lid Margin (Trichiasis, Ectropion, Entropion, Symblepharon, Blepharophimosis, Lagophthalmos, Blepharospasm, Ptosis).
Tumors (Papillomas, Xanthelasma, Haemangioma, Basal carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland melanoma)
6
Lecture
Written
3
c) LACRIMAL SYSTEM
Applied Anatomy
Tear Film
The Dry Eye ( Sjogren’s Syndrome)
The watering eye ( Etiology, clinical evaluation)
Dacryocystitis
Swelling of the Lacrimal gland ( Dacryoadenitis)
4
Lecture
Written
4
d) CONJUNCTIVA
Applied Anatomy
Inflammations of conjunctiva ( Infective conjunctivitis – bacterial, chlamydial, viral , Allergic conjunctivitis, Granulomatous conjunctivitis)
Degenerative conditions
( Pinguecula, Pterygium, Concretions)
Symptomatic conditions
( Hyperaemia, Chemosis, Ecchymosis, Xerosis, Discoloration)
5.Cysts and Tumors
4
Lecture
Written
5
e)CORNEA
Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Congenital Anomalies
(Megalocornea, Microcornea, Cornea plana, Congenital cloudy cornea)
Inflammations of the cornea (Topographical classifications: Ulcerative keratitis and Non ulcerative
Etiological classifications: Infective, Allergic, Trophic, Traumatic, Idiopathic)
Degenerations ( classifications, Arcus senilis, Vogt’s white limbal girdle, Hassal-henle bodies, Lipoid Keratopathy, Band shaped keratopathy, Salzmann’s nodular degeneration, Droplet keratopathy, Pellucid Marginal degeneration)
Dystrophies ( Reis Buckler dystrophy,Recurrent corneal erosion syndrome, Granualr dystrophy,Lattice dystrophy, Macular dystrophy, cornea guttata, Fuch’s epithelial endothelial dystrophy, Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy)
Keratoconus, Keratoglobus
Corneal oedema, Corneal opacity, Corneal vascularisation
Penetrating Keratoplasty
12
Lecture
Written
6
f)UVEAL TRACT AND SCLERA
Applied Anatomy,
Classification of uveitis
Etiology
Pathology
Anterior Uveitis
Posterior Uveitis
Purulent Uveitis
Endophthalmitis
Panophthalmitis
Pars Planitis
Tumors of uveal tract( Melanoma)
Episcleritis and scleritis
Clinical examination of Uveitis and Scleritis
10
Lecture
Written
Total
46
8)Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
9)Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - THIRD SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (20xx-20yy )
COURSE NO :
SUBJECT TITLE : Clinical Examination of the Visual System
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist (Minimum BS/B.Op t/ B.Sc optometry)
1) Course Description: This course covers various clinical optometry procedures involving external examination, anterior segment and posterior segment examination, neuroophthalmic examination, pediatric optometry examination, and Glaucoma evaluation.
2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course the students will be skilled in knowing the purpose, set-up and devices required for the test, indications and contraindications of the test, step-by-step procedures, documentation of the findings, and interpretation of the findings of the various clinical optometry procedures.
3) Text books:
T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry, 5th edition, Butterworth – Heinneman, USA, 2007.
4) Reference Books:
A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007
D B. Elliott :Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care,3rd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007
Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach,6th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007
J.B Eskridge, J F. Amos, J D. Bartlett: Clinical Procedures in Optometry, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,1991
N B. Carlson , Dl Kurtz: Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination ,3rd edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2003
5) Prerequisites:
6) Course Outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
History taking,
4
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Visual acuity estimation
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Extraocular motility, Cover teat, Alternating cover test
2
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Hirschberg test, Modified Krimsky,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Pupils Examination
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Maddox Rod,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
van Herrick,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
External examination of the eye, Lid Eversion
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Schirmer’s, TBUT, tear meniscus level, NITBUT (keratometer),
2
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Color Vision
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Stereopsis,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Confrontation test,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Photostress test,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Slitlamp biomicroscopy,
3
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Direct Ophthalmoscopy,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Digital pressure, Schiotz Tonometry, Applanation Tonometry
Gonioscopy
3
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
ROPLAS
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Amsler test,
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Corneal Sensitivity, HVID
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Saccades and Pursuits
1
Lectures and Demonstration
Written
Total no. hours
29
7)Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide
8) Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals: Hands–on of all the procedure taught are given as practical (total hours allotted: 40 hours)
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Optometric Optics II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (undergraduate or Diploma holder in optometry with adequate experience in optical industry)
CO-INSTRUCTORS : Optometrists (undergraduate)
1) Course Description: This course deals with understanding the theory behind spectacle lenses and frames, their materials, types, advantages and disadvantages, calculations involved, when and how to prescribe. It will impart construction, design application and development of lenses, particularly of the methods of calculating their power and effect.
2) Course Objectives: Skills/knowledge to be acquired at the end of this course:
Measurement of lens power , lens centration using conventional techniques
Transposition of various types of lenses
Knowledge to identify different forms of lenses (equi- convex, planoconvex, periscopic, etc.)
Knowledge to select the tool power for grinding process.
Measurement of surface powers using lens measure.
Method of laying off the lens for glazing process.
Ophthalmic prism knowledge – effects, units, base-apex notation, compounding and resolving prisms.
Knowledge of prism and decentration in ophthalmic lenses
Knowledge of different types of materials used to make lenses and its characteristics
Knowledge lens designs – single vision, bifocals, progressive lens
Knowledge on tinted and protective lenses
Knowledge on special lenses like iseikonic, spectacle magnifiers.
Knowledge on spectacle frames – manufacture, materials
3) Text Books:
Jalie M: The principles of Ophthalmic Lenses, The Association of Dispensing Opticians, London, 1972
4) Reference Books:
David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999
C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996
5) Pre-requisites: Physical Optics, Geometrical Optics
6) Course Outline:
1. Optical Lenses
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Raw materials – History and General Outline, Manufacturing of Ophthalmic Blanks – Glass & Plastics, Terminology used in Lens Workshops, Surfacing process from Blanks to lenses
4
Theory + Lab visit OR Video presentation
Written + Viva
2
Definition & Materials (Glass, Plastics, Polycarbonate, Triology) types and Characteristics
4
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
3
Properties (Refractive index, specific gravity, UV cut off, impact resistance – include drop ball test, abbe value, Center thickness)
4
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
4
Best form of lenses & Safety standards for Ophthalmic lenses (FDA, ANSI, ISI, Others)
Home assignments
Assignment evaluation
5
Design of High Powered Lenses
Hi-index lenses, Calculation of Refractive index
2
Theory + Home assignments
Written
6
Bifocal designs, their manufacturing & uses (Kryptok, Univis D, Executive, Invisible, Occupational)
6
Theory + Lab visit+ case studies
Written + Viva
7
Progressive Addition Lenses, modified near vision lenses (designs, advantages, limitations)
3
Theory + Home assignments + case studies
Written + Viva
8
Lens enhancements (Scratch resistant coatings – spin/dip, Anti-reflection coating, UV coating, Hydrophobic coating, anti-static coating
4
Theory + Practicals + Lab visit + Home assignments
Written + Viva
9
Lens defects – Description and Detection
2
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
10
Glazing & edging (manual & automatic)
2
Demonstartion
Demonstration
11
Special lenses
Lenticulars
Aspherics
Fresnel lenses & Prisms
Aniseikonic lenses
Photochromics
Polaroids
Tinted lenses – Tints, filters
6
Theory + Practicals
Written + Viva
12
Project to ensure awareness on lens availability in Indian market
Project
Project evaluation
2. Spectacle Frames
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
History of Spectacles, manufacturing overview, Definition, parts & measurements
2
Theory + Demonstration
Written + Viva
2
Classification of frames – Materials (cover in detail), Colours and Temple position (advantages & disadvantages, where to use)
4
Theory + Demonstration
Written + Viva
3
Special purpose frames (sports, kids, reading)
1
Demonstration
Written + Viva
Recommendation – Lab visit and/or video presentations where recommended are important and to keep samples of all lenses & frames in the college
7) Reading Assignment: Latest informations on optometry optics available in the literatures can be given as reading assignment. This can be decided by the faculty.
8) Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam And practical
EC - III
1 hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam and Practical
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
Bachelor Of Optometry
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Visual Optics II
INSTRUCTOR IN-CHARGE : Optometrist with B.Optom
1. Course Description: This course deals with the concept of eye as an optical instrument and thereby covers various optical components of eye, types of refractive errors, clinical approach in diagnosis and management of various types of refractive errors.
2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able
to understand the fundamentals of optical components of the eye
to gain theoretical knowledge and practical skill on visual acuity measurement, objective and subjective clinical refraction.
3. Text books:
A H Tunnacliffe: Visual optics, The Association of British Optician, 1987
AG Bennett & RB Rabbets: Clinical Visual optics, 3rd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, 1998
4. Reference Books:
M P Keating: Geometric, Physical and Visual optics, 2nd edition, Butterworth- Heinemann, USA, 2002
HL Rubin: Optics for clinicians, 2nd edition, Triad publishing company. Florida, 1974.
H Obstfeld: Optic in Vision- Foundations of visual optics & associated computations, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1982.
WJ Benjamin: Borish’s clinical refraction,2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA,2006
T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry,4th edition, Butterworth – heinneman,USA,2002
5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Physical optics, Ocular Physiology
6) Course outline:
Topic
No. of hours
Mode of teaching
Mode of evaluation
1.Refractive conditions
Emmetropia
Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Accommodation
Presbyopia
Anisometropia and Aniseikonia
Aphakia and Pseudophakia
9 hours
Lectures
MCQs
2.Accommodation
Far and near points of accommodation
Correction of spherical ametropia
Axial versus refractive ametropia
Relationship between accommodation and convergence, AC / A ratio
6 hours
Lectures and seminars
MCQs and written
3.Objective refraction
Streak Retinoscopy only
3 Hours
Lectures and practicals
Practical and Viva
4.Subjective Refraction
Review of subjective refractive methods
Cross cylinder methods for astigmatism, Astigmatic Fan Test
Difficulties in subjective and objective tests and their avoidance
Ocular refraction versus spectacle refraction
Ocular accommodation versus spectacle accommodation
Spectacle magnification and relative spectacle magnification
Retinal image blur; depth of focus and depth of field
Prescribing Prisms / Binocular Refraction
9 hours
Lectures and practicals
Written and practicals
Total no. of hours
27 hours
7. Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide
8. Evaluation Pattern:
Evaluation Component (EC)
Duration
Maximum Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 hour
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
1 hour
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practicals: Hand-on clinical refraction procedure – retinoscopy, keratometry, and subjective refraction will be taught.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Disease - II
INSTRUCTOR IN- CHARGE : Ophthalmologist
CO – INSTRUCTORS : Optometrist (Minimum UG in Optometry)
1. Course Description: This course deals with various ocular diseases affecting various parts of the eyes. It covers clinical signs and symptoms, cause, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis and management aspects of the ocular diseases.
2. Course Objective: At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects of ocular diseases: knowledge
on the etiology,
epidemiology,
symptoms,
signs,
course sequelae of ocular disease,
diagnostic approach, and
management of the ocular diseases.
3. Text books:
A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007
4. Refernce Books:
Stephen J. Miller : Parsons Diseases of the Eye, 18th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1990
Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach, 6th edition,
Butterworth- Heinemann, 2007
5. Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy and Ocular Physiology, Ocular Biochemistry
and Microbiology, Pharmacology
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
Mode of
Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Retina and Vitreous:
Applied Anatomy
Congenital and Developmental Disorders ( Optic Disc: Coloboma, Drusen, Hypoplasia, Medullated nerve fibers; Persistent Hyaloid Artery)
Inflammatory disorders ( Retinitis : Acute purulent , Bacterial, Virus, mycotic)
Retinal Vasculitis ( Eales’s)
Retinal Artery Occlusion ( Central retinal Artery occlusion)
Retinal Vein occlusion ( Ischaemic, Non Ischaemic , Branch retinal vein occlusion)
Retinal degenerations : Retinitis Pigmentosa, Lattice degenerations
Macular disorders: Solar retinopathy, central serous retinopathy, cystoid macular edema, Age related macular degeneration.
Retinal Detachement: Rhegmatogenous, Tractional, Exudative)
Retinablastoma
12
Lecture
Written
2
Ocular Injuries:
Terminology : Closed globe injury ( contusion, lamellar laceration) Open globe injury ( rupture, laceration, penetrating injury, peforating injury)
Mechanical injuries ( Extraocular foreign body, blunt trauma, perforating injury, sympathetic ophthalmitis)
Non Mechanical Injuries ( Chemical injuries, Thermal, Electrical, Radiational)
Clinical approach towards ocular injury patients
4
Lecture
Written
3
Lens
Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Clinical examination
Classification of cataract
Congenital and Developmental cataract
Acquired ( Senile, Traumatic, Complicated, Metabolic, Electric, Radiational, Toxic)
Morphological: Capsular, Subcapsular, Cortical, Supranuclear, Nuclear, Polar.
Management of cataract ( Non surgical and surgical measures; preoperative evaluation, Types of surgeries,)
Complications of cataract surgery
Displacement of lens: Subluxation, Displacement
Lens coloboma, Lenticonus, Microsperophakia.
10
Lecture
Written
4
Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology
Anatomy of visual pathway
Lesions of the visual pathway
Pupillary reflexes and abnormalities
(Amaurotic light reflex, Efferent pathway defect, Wernicke’s hemianopic pupil, Marcus gunn pupil. Argyll Robetson pupil, Adie’s tonic pupil)
Optic neuritis, Anterior Ischemic optic neuropathy, Pappilloedema, optic atrophy
Cortical blindness
Malingering
Nystagmus
Clinical examination
12
Lecture
Written
5
Glaucoma
Applied anatomy and physiology of anterior segment
Clinical Examination
Definitions and classification of glaucoma
Pathogenesis of glaucomatous ocular damage
Congenital glaucomas
Primary open angle glaucoma
Ocular hypertension
Normal Tension Glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma ( Primary angle closure suspect, Intermittent glaucoma, acute congestive, chronic angle closure)
Secondary Glaucomas
Management : common medications, laser intervention and surgical techniques
10
Lecture
Written
Total hours
46
7. Reading Assignments: Faculty can decide on the topics. This will kindle interest among the students to refer books and journals.
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written
Exam
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
INSTRUCTOR-IN-CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Ocular Pharmacology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Pharmacologist with B Pharm/ M Pharm
CO-INSTRUCTOR : Ophthalmologist
1. Course Description: This course covers the actions, uses, adverse effects and mode of administration of drugs, especially related to eyes.
2. Course Objective: At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable in the following:
basic principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
commonly used ocular drugs, mechanism, indications, contraindications, drug dosage, and adverse effects.
3.Textbook:
K D TRIPATHI: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 5th edition, Jaypee, New Delhi, 2004
Ashok Garg: Manual of Ocular Therapeutics, Jaypee, NewDelhi, 1996
4. Reference Books:
T J Zimmerman, K S Kooner, M Sharir, R D Fechtner: Text Book of Ocular Pharmacology, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1997
5. Prerequisites: General Physiology, Biochemistry
6. Course Plan:
NO.
Topics
No of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Pharmacokinetics : Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
4
Lecture
Written
2
Pharmacodynamics : Drug Handling by the body – effect of drug and the relationship between drug concentration and response
2
Lecture
Written
3
Drug – Receptor interactions
1
Lecture
Written
4
Ocular Pharmacology : Drug Handling by cells and Tissues - Pharmacokinetics ,and Pharmacodynamics– specific to ocular – surface and intraocular conditions
2
Lecture
Written
5
Delivery methods of Ocular Medication: Residence in the Conjunctival sac, drug vehicles affect drug delivery, advanced ocular delivery systems
2
Lecture
Written
6
Reconstituting the tear film: Tear Substitutes
1
Lecture
Assignment
7
Ocular Drugs and the Autonomic Nervous system: Parasympathetic( antimuscaranic) and Sympathetic
2
Lecture
Assignment
8
Intraocular pressure Drugs
2
Lecture
Assignment
9
Eicosanoids : prostaglandins,thromboxaes and leukotrienes
2
Lecture
Written
10
Serotonin : Neurotransmitter;
Glucocorticoids, Immunosuppressive agents
2
Lecture
Written
11
Local Anaesthetics
2
Lecture
Written
12
Ocular Toxicity from systemic administration of Drugs
2
Lecture
Assignment
Total No. of lectures
24
7. Reading Assignment: (faculty has to decide on the relevant topics) This will motivate the students to refer many books and journals.
8. Evaluation Schedule:-
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (20XX-20YY )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Pathology
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Pathologist
CO-INSTRUCTOR : Ophthalmologist
1)Course Description: This course describes basic aspects of disease processes with reference to specific entities relevant in optometry/ophthalmology.
2)Course Objective: At the end of the course students will acquire knowledge in the following aspects :
Inflammation and repair aspects.
Pathology of various eye parts and adnexa
3)Text books:
K S Ratnagar: Pathology of the eye & orbit, Jaypee brothers Medical
Publishers, 1997
4)Reference books:
CORTON KUMAR AND ROBINS: Pathological Basis of the
Disease, 7th Edition, Elsevier, newDelhi, 2004.
S R Lakhani Susan AD & Caroline JF: Basic Pathology: An introduction to
the mechanism of disease, 1993.
5)Prerequisites: Higher Secondary Biology, General and Ocular Anatomy, General and Ocular Physiology
6)Course plan:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
1
General Pathology : Principles
2
2
Pathophysiology of Ocular Angiogenesis
1
3
Ocular Infections
2
4
Pathology of cornea and Conjunctiva
2
4
Pathology of Uvea
1
5
Pathology of Glaucoma
1
6
Pathology of Retina
2
7
Pathology of retina in systemic disease/disorders
2
8
Pathology of eyelids and adnexa
1
9
Pathology of orbital space occupying lesions
1
10
Pathology of the optic nerve
1
11
Retinoblastoma
3
12
Pathology of Lens
1
Total
20
7. Reading Assignments: Faculty should make the student develop habit of referring books and journals. The topic of the assignments can be decided by the faculty.
8. Evaluation schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Note: Faculty are encouraged to show students various Histopathological slides
during the course for better understanding of the concepts.
INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Contact Lenses I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist
CO- INSTRUCTORS : CL Practitioner (Non Academic)
1. Course Description: The subject provides the student with suitable knowledge both in theoretical and practical aspects of Contact Lenses.
2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
Understand the basics of contact lenses
List the important properties of contact lenses
Finalise the CL design for various kinds patients
Recognize various types of fitting
Explain all the procedures to patient
Identify and manage the adverse effects of contact lens
3. Text books:
IACLE modules 1 - 10
CLAO Volumes 1, 2, 3
Anthony J. Phillips : Contact Lenses, 5th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006
Elisabeth A. W. Millis: Medical Contact Lens Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004
E S. Bennett ,V A Henry :Clinical manual of Contact Lenses, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008
4. Reference Books:
5. Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Visual optics, Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Biochemistry, Ocular Microbiology, Ocular Disease, Optometric Instruments
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of
Lecture(s)
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Introduction to Contact lenses
Definition
Classification / Types
1
Lecture
Written
2
History of Contact Lenses
1
Lecture
Written
3
Optics of Contact Lenses
Magnification & Visual field
Accommodation & Convergence
Back & Front Vertex Power / Vertex distance calculation
3
Lecture
Written
4
Review of Anatomy & Physiology of
Tear film
Cornea
Lids & Conjunctiva
2
Lecture
Written
5
Introduction to CL materials
Monomers, Polymers
2
Lecture
Written
6
Properties of CL materials
Physiological (Dk, Ionicity, Water content)
Physical (Elasticity, Tensile strength, Rigidity)
Optical (Transmission, Refractive index)
3
Lecture
Written
7
Indications and contraindications
2
Lecture
Written
8
Parameters / Designs of Contact Lenses & Terminology
3
Lecture
Written
9
RGP Contact Lens materials
1
Lecture
Written
10
Manufacturing Rigid and Soft Contact Lenses – various methods
1
Lecture & Industry lab visit
Written
11
Pre-Fitting examination – steps, significance, recording of results
3
Lecture &
Practical
Practical
12
Correction of Astigmatism with RGP lens
2
Lecture
Written
14
Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on spherical cornea with spherical lenses
1
Lecture &
Practical
Practical
15
Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on Toric cornea with spherical lenses
1
Lecture &
Practical
Practical
16
Calculation and finalising Contact lens parameters
1
Lecture
Written
17
Ordering Rigid Contact Lenses – writing a prescription to the Laboratory
1
Lecture
Written
18
Checking and verifying Contact lenses from Laboratory
1
19
Modifications possible with Rigid lenses
1
Lecture
Written
20
Common Handling Instructions
Insertion & Removal Techniques
Do’s and Dont’s
1
Lecture
Practical
21
Care and Maintenance of Rigid lenses
Cleaning agents & Importance
Rinsing agents & Importance
Disinfecting agents & importance
Lubricating & Enzymatic cleaners
3
Lecture
Written
22
Follow up visit examination
1
Lecture
Written
23
Complications of RGP lenses
2
Lecture
Written
Total No. of lectures
37
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide)
8. Evaluation Schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
EC – II
1 Hour
20
EC – III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : LOW VISION AIDS
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist with Low vision clinical experience
1.Course Description: This course deal with the definition of low vision, epidemiology aspect of visual impairment, types of low vision devices and its optical principles, clinical approach of the low vision patients, assistive devices for totally visually challenged, art of prescribing low vision devices and training the low vision patients and other rehabilitation measures.
2.Course Objectives: At the end of the course , the student will be knowledgeable in the following:
Definition and epidemiology of Low Vision
Clinical examination of Low vision subjects
Optical, Non-Optical, Electronic, and Assistive devices.
Training for Low Vision subjects with Low vision devices
Referrals and follow-up
3.Text books:
Christine Dickinson: Low Vision: Principles and Practice Low vision care, 4th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998
E Vaithilingam: practice of Low vision – A guide book, Medical Research
Foundation, 2000.
4.Reference Books:
Richard L. Brilliant: Essentials of Low Vision Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999
Helen Farral: optometric Management of Visual Handicap, Blackwell Scientific publications, 1991
A J Jackson, J S Wolffsohn: Low Vision Manual, Butterworth Heinnemann, 2007
5. Course Plan:
Topics
Number of lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
Definitions & classification of Low vision
1
Lecture
Written
Epidemiology of low vision
Model of low vision service
1
Lecture
Written
Pre-clinical evaluation of low vision patients – prognostic & psychological factors; psycho-social impact of low vision
1
Lecture
Written
Types of low vision aids – optical aids, non-optical aids & electronic devices
3
Lecture/Demonstration
Written
Optics of low vision aids
1
Lecture
Written
Clinical evaluation – assessment of visual acuity, visual field, selection of low vision aids, instruction & training
3
Lecture
Written
Pediatric Low Vision care
4
Lecture
Written
Low vision aids – dispensing & prescribing aspects
1
Lecture
Written
Visual rehabilitation & counseling
1
Lecture
Written
Legal aspects of Low vision in India
1
Lecture
Written
Case Analysis
5
Discussion
Viva- Voce
Total hours
21
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.)
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
Faculty Choice
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
20
Faculty
Choice
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9. Practical:
a) Practical 1:
Attending in low vision care clinic and history taking.
b)Practical 2:
Determining the type of telescope and its magnification (Direct comparison method & calculated method)
Determining the change in field of view with different magnification and different eye to lens distances with telescopes and magnifiers.
c)Practical 3:
Inducing visual impairment and prescribing magnification.
Determining reading speed with different types of low vision aids with same magnification.
Determining reading speed with a low vision aid of different magnifications.
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Geriatric Optometry
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrists / Ophthalmologists
1.Course Description : This course deals with general and ocular physiological changes of ageing, common geriatric systemic and ocular diseases, clinical approach in geriatric patients, pharmacological aspects of ageing, and spectacle dispensing aspects in ageing patients.
2.Course Objectives:
The student on taking this course should
be able to identify, investigate the age related changes in the eyes.
be able to counsel the elderly
be able to dispense spectacles with proper instructions.
adequately gained knowledge on common ocular diseases.
3.Text Books:
A.J. ROSSENBLOOM Jr & M.W.MORGAN: Vision and Aging, Butterworth-Heinemann, Missouri, 2007.
4.Reference Books:
OP Sharma: Geriatric Care – A textbook of geriatrics and Gerontology, viva books, New Delhi, 2005
VS Natarajan: An update on Geriatrics, Sakthi Pathipagam, Chennai, 1998
DE Rosenblatt, VS Natarajan: Primer on geriatric Care A clinical approach to the older patient, Printers Castle, Cochin, 2002
5. Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy, Physiology, Ocular Disease
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
Number of Lectures
Mode of
Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Structural , and morphological changes of eye in elderly
2
Lecture
Written
2
Physiological changes in eye in the course of aging.
2
Lecture
Seminar
3
Introduction to geriatric medicine – epidemiology , need for optometry care, systemic diseases (Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive Heart failure, Cerebrovascular disease, Diabetes, COPD)
3
Lecture
Written
4
Optometric Examination of the Older Adult
2
Lecture
Writing Assignment
5
Ocular diseases common in old eye, with special reference to cataract, glaucoma, macular disorders, vascular diseases of the eye
4
Lecture
Written
6
Contact lenses in elderly
1
Lecture
Written
7
Pharmacological aspects of aging
2
Lecture
Written
8
Low vision causes, management and rehabilitation in geriatrics.
4
Lecture
Written
9
Spectacle dispensing in elderly – Considerations of spectacle lenses and frames
4
Lecture
Written
Total Number of Lectures
25
7.Reading assignment: Latest journal reading on the aging issues. This can be decided by the faculty.
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
70
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Pediatric optometry
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrists / Ophthalmologists (preferable with pediatric clinical experience)
1.Course Description: This course is designed to provide the students adequate knowledge in theoretical and practical aspects of diagnosis, and management of eye conditions related to pediatric population. Also it will inculcate the skill of transferring/communicating the medical information to the attender /patient by the students. The scope of this subject is to train the optometrists to develop a systematic way of dealing with children below 12, so as to implement primary eye care and have better, specialized management of anomalies.
2.Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student is expected to :
have a knowledge of the principal theories of childhood development, and visual development
have the ability to take a thorough paediatric history which encompasses the relevant developmental, visual, medical and educational issues
be familiar with the accommodative-vergence system, the genesis of ametropia, the disorders of refraction, accommodation and vergence, and the assessment and management of these disorders
be familiar with the aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment of amblyopia, comitant strabismus and commonly presenting incomitant strabismus
have a knowledge of the epidemiology of eye disease in children, the assessment techniques available for examining visual function of children of all ages and an understanding varied management concepts of paediatric vision disorders
have knowledge of the art of dispensing contact lens, low vision aids and referral to the surgeon or other specialists at the appropriate timing.
have a capacity for highly evolved communication and co-management with other professionals involved in paediatric assessment and care
3.Text books :
Pediatric Optometry - JEROME ROSNER, Butterworth, London 1982
Paediatric Optometry – William Harvey/ Bernard Gilmartin, Butterworth –Heinemann, 2004
4. References:
Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility - VON NOORDEN G K Burian Von Noorden’s, 2nd Ed., C.V.Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1980.
Assessing Children's Vision. By Susan J Leat, Rosalyn H Shute, Carol A Westall.45 Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
Clinical pediatric optometry. LJ Press, BD Moore, Butterworth- Heinemann, 1993
5. Prerequisites:
6. Course Outline:
6. Reading Assignment: Faculty Decision:
7. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
70
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Binocular Vision I
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Graduate Optometrist and/or Ophthalmologist
CO – INSTRUCTOR : Optometrist
1.Course Description:
This course provides theoretical aspects of Binocular Vision and its clinical application. It deals with basis of normal binocular vision and space perception, Gross anatomy and physiology of extrocular muscles, various binocular vision anomalies, its diagnostic approaches and management.
2. Course Objectives:
On successful completion of this module, a student will be expected to be able to:-
Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of the gross anatomy and physiology relating to the extroocular muscles.
Provide a detailed explanation of, and differentiate between the aetiology, investigation and management of binocular vision anomalies.
Adapt skills and interpret clinical results following investigation of binocular vision anomalies appropriately and safely.
3. Text Books:
Pradeep Sharma: Strabismus simplified, New Delhi, First edition, 1999, Modern publishers.
Fiona J. Rowe: Clinical Orthoptics, second edition, 2004, Blackwell Science Ltd
Gunter K. Von Noorden: BURIAN- VON NOORDEN’S Binocular vision and ocular motility theory and management of strabismus, Missouri, Second edition, 1980, C. V. Mosby Company
Mitchell Scheiman; Bruce Wick: Clinical Management of Binocular Vision Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders, 2008, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins publishers
4. Reference Books: Faculty choice
5. Pre-requisites: Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology
6. Course outline:
No.
Name of the topic
Number of lectures
Mode of teaching
Assessment
1.
Binocular Vision and Space perception.
Relative subjective visual direction.
Retino motor value
Grades of BSV
SMP and Cyclopean Eye
Correspondence,
Fusion, Diplopia, Retinal rivalry
Horopter
Physiological Diplopia and Suppression
Stereopsis, Panum’s area, BSV.
Stereopsis and monocular clues - significance.
Egocentric location, clinical applications.
Theories of Binocular vision.
6
Lecture and Demonstration
Written and practical
2.
Anatomy of Extra Ocular Muscles.
Rectii and Obliques, LPS.
Innervation & Blood Supply.
Physiology of Ocular movements.
Center of rotation, Axes of Fick.
Action of individual muscle.
Laws of ocular motility
Donder’s and Listing’s law
Sherrington’s law
Hering’s law
Uniocular & Binocular movements - fixation, saccadic & pursuits.
Version & Vergence.
Fixation & field of fixation
4
Lecture and Demonstration
Written and practical
3.
Near Vision Complex
Accommodation
Definition and mechanism (process).
Methods of measurement.
Stimulus and innervation.
Types of accommodation.
Anomalies of accommodation – aetiology and management.
3
Lecture and Demonstration
Practicals
Written and practical
4.
Convergence
Definition and mechanism.
Methods of measurement.
Types and components of convergence - Tonic, accommodative, fusional, proximal.
Anomalies of Convergence – aetiology and management.
5
Lecture and Demonstration
Practicals
Written and practical
5.
Sensory adaptations Confusion
1
Lecture
Written
6.
Suppression Investigations
Management Blind spot syndrome
4
Lecture
Practical
Written and Practical
7.
Abnormal Retinal Correspondence
Investigation and management
Blind spot syndrome
1
Lecture
Practical
Written and Practical
8.
Eccentric Fixation
Investigation and management
1
Lecture
Practical
Written
9.
Amblyopia Classification
Aeitiology Investigation Management
4
Lecture
Practical
Written and Practical
6. Reading Assignments: Faculty Choice
7. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - FIFTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Systemic Diseases
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Ophthalmologists/ General Physician
1. Course Description: This course deals with definition, classification, clinical diagnosis, complications, and management of various systemic diseases. In indicated cases ocular manifestations also will be discussed.
2. Course Objectives: At the end of the course, students should get acquainted with the following:
Common Systemic conditions: Definition, diagnostic approach, complications and management options
Ocular findings of the systemic conditions
First Aid knowledge
3. Text book:
1) C Haslett, E R Chilvers, N A boon, N R Coledge, J A A Hunter: Davidson's
Principles and Practice of Medicine, Ed. John Macleod, 19th Ed., ELBS/Churchill
Livingstone. (PPM), 2002
2) Basic and clinical Science course: Update on General Medicine, American
Academy of Ophthalmology, Section 1, 1999
4. Reference books:
5. Prerequisites: Ocular Disease, General Physiology and Anatomy, Ocular Physiology and Anatomy, Pharmacology
6. Course Outline:
No
Topics
Number of Lectures
Mode of
Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Hypertension
Definition, classification, Epidemiology, clinical examination, complications, and management.
Hypertensive retinopathy
4
Lecture
Written
2
Diabetes Mellitus
Classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management, Complications
Diabetic Retinopathy
4
Lecture
Seminar
3
Thyroid Disease
Physiology, testing for thyroid disease, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothroidism, Thyroiditis, Thyroid tumors
Grave’s Ophthalmopathy
4
Lecture
Seminar
3
Acquired Heart Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease, Congestive heart failure, Disorders of cardiac rhythm
Ophthalmic considerations
4
Lecture
Writing
Assignment
4
Cancer :
Incidence
Etiology
Therapy
Ophthalmologic considerations
4
Lecture
Writing Assignment
5
Connective Tissue Disease
Rheumatic arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Scleroderma
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Sjogren syndrome
Behcet’s syndrome
Eye and connective tissue disease
4
Lecture
Written
6
Tuberculosis
Aetiology, pathology, clinical features, pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosis, complications, treatment tuberculosis and the eye.
4
Lecture
Written
7
Herpes virus ( Herepes simplex, Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus)
Herpes and the eye
3
Lecture
Written
8
Hepatitis ( Hepatitis A, B, C)
2
Lecture
Written
9
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
4
Lecture
Written
10
Anemia ( Diagnosis, clinical evaluation, consequences, Sickle cell disease, treatment, Ophthalmologic considerations)
2
9
Common Tropical Medical Ailments
Malaria
Typhoid
Dengue
Filariases
Onchocerciasis
Cysticercosis
Leprosy
4
Lecture
Written
10
Nutritional and Metabolic disorders:
Obesity
Hyperlipidaemias
Kwashiorkor
Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin D Deficiency
Vitamin E Deficiency
Vitamin K Deficiency
Vitamin B1,B2, Deficiency
Vitamin C Deficiency
2
Lecture
Written
11
Myasthenia Gravis
2
Lecture
Written
12
First Aid
General Medical Emergencies
Preoperative precautions in ocular surgeries
4
Lecture/
Demonstration
Written
13
Psychiatry
Basic knowledge of psychiatric condition and
Patient Management
2
Lecture
Writing Assignment
14
Genetics
Introduction to genetics
Organisation of the cell
Chromosome structure and cell division
Gene structure and basic principles of Genetics.
Genetic disorders and their diagnosis.
Genes and the eye
Genetic counseling and genetic engineering.
4
Lecture
Writing Assignment
Total Number of Lectures
57
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.)
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
Faculty Choice
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
20
Faculty
Choice
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Contact Lenses II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist
CO- INSTRUCTORS : CL Practitioner (Non Academic)
1. Course Description: The subject provides the student with suitable knowledge both in theoretical and practical aspects of Contact Lenses.
2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
Understand the basics of contact lenses
List the important properties of contact lenses
Finalise the CL design for various kinds patients
Recognize various types of fitting
Explain all the procedures to patient
Identify and manage the adverse effects of contact lens
3. Text books:
IACLE modules 1 - 10
CLAO Volumes 1, 2, 3
Anthony J. Phillips : Contact Lenses, 5th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006
Elisabeth A. W. Millis: Medical Contact Lens Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004
E S. Bennett ,V A Henry :Clinical manual of Contact Lenses, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008
4. Reference Books:
5. Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Visual optics, Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Biochemistry, Ocular Microbiology, Ocular Disease, Optometric Instruments
6. Course outline:
No.
Topics
No of
Lecture(s)
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
SCL Materials & Review of manufacturing techniques
2
Lecture
Written
2
Comparison of RGP vs. SCL
1
Lecture
Written
3
Pre-fitting considerations for SCL
2
Lecture
Written
4
Fitting philosophies for SCL
1
Lecture
Written
5
SCL fitting assessment
2
Lecture
Written
6
Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum
3
Lecture
Written
7
Calculation and finalising SCL parameters
2
Lecture
Written
Disposable lenses
a)Advantages and availability
1
8
Soft Toric CL
Stabilization techniques
Parameter selection
Fitting assessment
2
Lecture
Written
9
Common Handling Instructions
Insertion & Removal Techniques
Do’s and Dont’s
1
Lecture
Written
10
Care and Maintenance of Soft lenses
Cleaning agents & Importance
Rinsing agents & Importance
Disinfecting agents & importance
Lubricating & Enzymatic cleaners
2
Lecture
Written
11
Follow up visit examination
2
Lecture
Written
12
Complications of Soft lenses
4
Lecture
Written
13
Therapeutic contact lenses
Indications
Fitting consideration
1
Lecture
Written
Specialty fitting
Aphakia
Pediatric
Post refractive surgery
3
Lecture
Written
14
Introduction to Bifocal CL
1
Lecture
Written
Total Number of lectures
30
7. Assignment: The student should consult all the manufacturers of RGP lenses and list down various products (Lenses, care products and accessories) available with them. Detailed parameters along with manufacturer recommendation should be noted. Also students will be encouraged to read books and journals and submit a report to the faculty. The topics of the same can be decided by the faculty.
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
20
Faculty Choice
EC – II
1 Hour
20
Written Exam
EC – III
20
Practicals
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam
9) Practical: (50 hours)
Pre fitting evaluation
RGP CL insertion & Removal
Fitting assessment
Over refraction
Follow up examination
SCL insertion & Removal
Fitting assessment
Over refraction
Follow-up Examination
Toric contact lens fitting and assessment
Cosmetic contact lens fitting and assessment
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Binocular Vision II
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Post Graduate/Graduate Optometrist
CO – INSTRUCTORS : Optometrist
1. Course Description: This course deals with understanding of strabismus, its classification, necessary orthoptic investigations, diagnosis and non surgical management. Along with theoretical knowledge it teaches the clinical aspects and application.
2. Course Objective: The objective of this course is to inculcate the student with the knowledge of different types of strabismus its etiology signs and symptoms, necessary investigations and also management. The student on completion of the course should be able to independently investigate and diagnose case of strabismus with comments in respect to retinal correspondence and binocular single vision. The student should be able to perform all the investigations to check retinal correspondence, state of Binocular Single Vision, angle of deviation and special investigations for paralytic strabismus.
3. Text Books:
Pradeep Sharma: Strabismus simplified, New Delhi, First edition, 1999, Modern publishers.
Fiona J. Rowe: Clinical Orthoptics, second edition, 2004, Blackwell Science Ltd
Gunter K. Von Noorden: BURIAN- VON NOORDEN’S Binocular vision and ocular motility theory and management of strabismus, Missouri, Second edition, 1980, C. V. Mosby Company
Mitchell Scheiman; Bruce Wick: Clinical Management of Binocular Vision Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders, 2008, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins publishers
4. Reference Books: Faculty Choice
5. Pre-requisites: Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Binocular Vision – I,
6. Course outline:
7. Reading Assignment: Faculty Choice
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Public Health and Community Optometry
INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE : Optometrist or Ophthalmologist with additional qualification Preferably Master of Community eye health /Diploma in Community eye health / Public Health Ophthalmology/ Optometrist with Higher degree/diploma in Community optometry
CO- INSTRUCTORS : Optometrists
1.Course Description: Introduction to the foundation and basic sciences of public health optometry with an emphasis on the epidemiology of vision problems especially focused on Indian scenario.
2.Course Objectives: At the end of the course students will be be knowledgeable in the following areas:
Community based eye care in India.
Prevalence of various eye diseases
Developing Information Education Communication materials on eye and vision care for the benefit of the public
Organize health education programmes in the community
Vision screening for various eye diseases in the community and for different age groups.
3.Text books:
GVS Murthy, S K Gupta, D Bachani: The principles and practice of community Ophthalmology, National programme for control of blindness, New Delhi, 2002
Newcomb RD, Jolley JL : Public Health and Community Optometry, Charles C Thomas Publisher, Illinois, 1980
K Park: Park’s Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, 19th edition,
Banarsidas Bhanot publishers, Jabalpur, 2007
4.Reference books:
MC Gupta, Mahajan BK, Murthy GVS, 3rd edition. Text Book of Community Medicine, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2002
5. Prerequisites: Ocular Disease, Visual optics, Optometric Instruments, Clinical
Examination of Visual System
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of
Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Public Health Optometry: Concepts and implementation
1
Lecture
Written
2
Dimensions, determinants and indicators of health
1
Lecture
Written
3
Levels of disease prevention and levels of health care patterns
1
Lecture
Written
4
Epidemiology of blindness – Defining blindness and visual impairment
1
Lecture
Written
5
Eye in primary health care
1
Lecture
Written
6
Contrasting between Clinical and community health programs
2
Lecture
Viva
7
Community Eye Care Programs
4
Field visit
Report writing
8
Community based rehabilitation programs
2
Field visit
Report writing
9
Nutritional Blindness with reference to Vitamin A deficiency
1
Lecture
Written
10
Vision 2020: The Right to Sight
3
Lecture
Written
11
Screening for eye diseases
4
Practical
Practical
12
National and International health agencies, NPCB
2
Lecture
Written
13
Role of an optometrist in Public Health
1
Lecture
Written
14
Organization and Management of Eye Care Programs – Service Delivery models
1
Lecture
Written
15
Health manpower and planning & Health Economics
1
Lecture
Written
16
Evaluation and assessment of health programmes
1
Field Visit
Report Writing
17
Optometrists role in school eye health programmes
1
Field Visit
Report Writing
18
Basics of Tele Optometry and its application in Public Health
2
Field Visit
Report Writing
19
Information, Education and Communication for Eye Care programs
1
Practical
Developing Public Health materials
Total Lectures
26
7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be more from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.)
Example:
Community Eye Health J 2008; 21(66): 21-23
Community Eye Health J 2008; 21(66): 24-25
8) Evaluation schedule:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC - I
20
EC - II
1 Hour
20
Written
Exam
EC - III
20
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written
Exam
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)
COURSE NO :
COURSE TITLE : Dispensing Optics
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (with experience in dispensing optics)
CO-INSTRUCTORS : Practicing Optometrists with experience in Optical Dispensing & Optical Laboratory In-charge
1.Course Description: This course will deal with the dispensing aspects of spectacle lenses and frames needed to manage the customer in an Optical set up, from counseling to delivering the spectacles.
2.Course Objective: Skills to be acquired at the end of this course
Reading of spectacle prescription
Counseling the patient
Lens edge thickness calculation
Frame & lens measurements and selection
Writing spectacle lens order
Facial measurements - Interpupillary distance measurement and measuring heights (single vision, multifocal, progressives)
Lens verification and axis marking and fitting of all lens types
Final checking of finished spectacle with frame adjustments
Delivery and follow-up
Troubleshooting complaints and handling patient’s questions.
3.Text Book:
David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999
C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996
4.Reference Book:
David Wilson, Steve stenersen: Practical optical workshop, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 2002
Margaret Dowaliby: Practical Aspects of Ophthalmic optics, Fourth edition, Butterworth Heinemann, USA, 2001
5.Perquisites: Optometric optics I and II
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topic
No. of Lectures
Mode of Teaching
Mode of Evaluation
1
Components of spectacle prescription & interpretation, transposition, Add and near power relation
1
Theory
Written +
Viva
2
Frame selection – based on spectacle prescription, professional requirements, age group, face shape
4
Theory + Demonstration
Theory + Viva
3
Measuring Inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for distance & near, bifocal height
1
Demonstration + Practical
Viva
4
Lens & Frame markings, Pupillary centers, bifocal heights, Progressive markings & adjustments – facial wrap, pantoscopic tilt
1
Demonstration + Practical
Viva
5
Recording and ordering of lenses (power, add, diameter, base, material, type, lens enhancements)
1
Theory
Viva
6
Neutralization – Hand & lensometer, axis marking, prism marking
3
Demonstration + Practical
Viva
7
Faults in spectacles (lens fitting, frame fitting, patients complaints, description, detection and correction)
2
Theory + Demonstration
Theory + Viva
8
Final checking & dispensing of spectacles to customers, counseling on wearing & maintaining of spectacles, Accessories – Bands, chains, boxes, slevets, cleaners, screwdriver kit
2
Demonstration + Role plays
Theory + Viva
9
Spectacle repairs – tools, methods, soldering, riveting, frame adjustments
1
Demonstration + workshop visit
Viva
10
Special types of spectacle frames
Monocles
Ptosis crutches
Industrial safety glasses
Welding glasses
1
Demonstration
Viva
12
Frame availability in Indian market
Project
Project evaluation
13
FAQ’s by customers and their ideal answers
2
Role plays + Assignments
Viva
Total number of Hours
21
7. Reading Assignments: Make the students read on the pamphlets of different company products to keep abreast of knowledge.
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam And practical
EC - III
1 hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
40
Written Exam and Practical
Recommendation – Keep samples of wrongly fitted lenses, misaligned frames and special frames. Keep frame repair kit (heater, screw driver, pliers etc.) in the college. Ask all students to carry a marker pen and PD ruler
B S OPTOMETRY
THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (2008 -2009)
COURSE HANDOUT
COURSE NO. :
COURSE TITLE : Occupational Optometry
INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE : Occupational Medicine + Optometrist
1.Course Description : This course deals with general aspects of occupational health, Visual demand in various job, task analyzing method, visual standards for various jobs, occupational hazards and remedial aspects through classroom sessions and field visit to the factories.
2.Course Objectives : At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects :
in visual requirements of jobs;
in effects of physical, chemical and other hazards on eye and vision;
to identify occupational causes of visual and eye problems;
to be able to prescribe suitable corrective lenses and eye protective wear and
to set visual requirements, standards for different jobs.
3.Text Books:
R V North: Work and the eye, Second edition, Butterworth Heinnemann, 2001
4.Reference Books:
G W Good: Occupational Vision Manual available in the following website: www.aoa.org
N.A. Smith: Lighting for Occupational Optometry, HHSC Handbook Series, Safchem Services, 1999
J Anshel: Visual Ergonomics Handbook, CRC Press, 2005
G Carson, S Doshi, W Harvey: Eye Essentials: Environmental & Occupational Optometry, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008
5.Prerequisites :
6. Course Outline:
No.
Topics
No of Lectures
1
Introduction to Occupational health, hygiene and safety, international bodies like ILO, WHO, National bodies etc
Acts and Rules - Factories Act, WCA,ESI Act.
2
2
Electromagnetic Radiation and its effects on Eye
2
3
Light – Definitions and units, Sources, advantages and disadvantages, standards
2
4
Color – Definition, Color theory, Color coding, Color defects, Color Vision tests
2
5
Occupational hazards and preventive/protective methods
2
5
Task Analysis
2
6
Industrial Vision Screening – Modified clinical method and Industrial Vision test
2
4
Vision Standards – Railways, Roadways, Airlines
2
5
Visual Display Units
2
6
Contact lens and work
2
TOTAL NO. OF LECTURES
20
7.Reading Assignments : Faculty can decide on the topics
8. Evaluation Component:
Component
Duration
Date & Time
Max. Marks
Remarks
EC – I
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
EC – II
1 Hour
30
Written Exam
Comprehensive Examination
3 Hours
70
Written Exam
Note: Faculty should encourage the students to go and observe various industries and get hands on doing task analysis for understanding visual demand of various jobs.
CLINICAL TRAINING FROM THE FIRST YEAR TO THE LAST
YEAR OF THE PROGRAMME
Other Essential Topics which can be covered during the Internship (fourth year)
Practice Management
Presentation Skills
Law and Optometry
Accountancy
Communication skills
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